TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS Flashcards
used to spin samples at very high speeds that is to as much as 150,000 rotations per minute (rpm)
ultracentrifugation
an electrokinetic process which breaks away charged particles in a fluid using a field of electrical charge.By using this method separation of protein molecules and DNA is realized through several procedures based on the type, size density and purity of molecules.
electrophoresis
separates molecules depending on their molecular size by filtration through a gel.
size exclusion chromatography
refers to the different techniques which make use of radiation in order to obtain data on the structure and properties of matter, that is used for solving a wide variety of analytical problems.
spectroscopy
spectroscopy is derived from the latin word
spectron - spirit
skopein - looking onto the world
is the phenomenon where a molecule absorbs light within its
absorption band and then emits this light at longer wavelengths within its emission
band.
fluorescence
an analytictechnique by
which chemical substances are identified by the sorting of gaseousionsin electric and
magnetic fields according to theirmass-to-charge ratios.
mass spectroscopy
a laboratory technique for the study of the internal structure of crystalline materials. More specifically known as x-raydiffraction, it is based on theinterferencepattern produced asx rayspass through the three-dimensional,
repeating pattern ofatomswithin acrystallattice.
x-ray crystallography
use of the NMR phenomenon to study physical, chemical and biological properties of
matter. It is a tool to observe local magnetic fields aroundatomic nuclei.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens. It is used in biomedical research to investigate the detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles and macromolecular complexes.
Electron microscopy
a type ofscanning probe microscopy(SPM),
with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of ananometer, more than 1000
times better than theoptical diffraction limit. It is used widely to collect data on various
mechanical, functional and electrical properties at the nanoscale including for
topography (surface) studies.
Atomic Force Microscopy
are scientific instruments that use a highly focusedlaserbeam to hold and move microscopic objects likeatoms,nanoparticlesand droplets, in a
manner similar totweezers.
optical tweezers
used to measure theioncurrentsthrough themembranesof excitable cells
voltage clamp
a intracellular recording involving measurement of the voltage difference
across the cellular membrane while injecting constant positive or negative current into
the cell.
current clamp
a laboratory technique for studying currents in living cells.
patch clamp
