CELL

Question 1

All cells are surrounded by a structure called

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

Cell membranes are based on a framework of fat-based molecules

Answer 2

phospholipids

Question 3

Within this membrane, a cell’s interior environment is water based.

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

a DNA molecule surrounded by a protein coat
an infectious particle that reproduces by “commandeering” a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses.

Answer 4

virus

Question 5

A virus is made up of a DNA or RNA genome inside a protein shell called

Answer 5

capsid

Question 6

self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles of microtubules and are found only in animal cells. They appear to help in organizing cell division, but aren’t essential to the process.

Answer 6

centrioles

Question 7

are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms. In multicellular organisms, cilia function to move fluid or materials past an immobile cell as well as moving a cell or group of cells.

Answer 7

cilia and flagella

Question 8

a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell. It is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Answer 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

membrane-bound vesicles, formed via a complex family of processes collectively known as endocytosis

Answer 9

endosomes

Question 10

It involves the invagination (folding inward) of a cell’s plasma membrane to surround macromolecules or other matter diffusing through the extracellular fluid.

Answer 10

endocytosis

Question 11

is the distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products. It modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export to the outside of the cell.

Answer 11

golgi apparatus

Question 12

a very broad class of fibrous proteins that play an important role as both structural and functional elements of the cytoskeleton. Ranging in size from 8 to 12 nanometers, they function as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity.

Answer 12

intermediate filaments

Question 13

break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials.

Answer 13

lysosome

Question 14

solid rods made of globular proteins called actin. These filaments are primarily structural in function and are an important component of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 14

microfilaments

Question 15

These straight, hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells (prokaryotes don’t have them) and carry out a variety of functions, ranging from transport to structural support.

Answer 15

microtubules

Question 16

are oblong shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy.

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell’s hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell’s activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

tiny organelles composed of approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein.

Answer 18

ribosome

Question 19

are a diverse group of organelles that are found in the cytoplasm, roughly spherical and bound by a single membrane

Answer 19

microbodies