BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Question 1

The large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules are called

Answer 1

biological macromolecules

Question 2

simplest organic carbon molecule

Answer 2

methane

Question 3

are macromolecules with which most consumers are somewhat familiar.

Answer 3

carbohydrates

Question 4

are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose
the number of carbon atoms usually ranges from three to six

Answer 4

monosaccharides

Question 5

form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction. During this process, the hydroxyl group (–OH) of one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen atom of another monosaccharide, releasing a molecule of water (H2O) and forming a covalent bond between atoms in the two sugar molecules.

Answer 5

disaccharides

Question 6

long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds

Answer 6

polysaccharide

Question 7

the stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of amylose and amylopectin

Answer 7

starch

Question 8

the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of monomers of glucose

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

one of the most abundant natural biopolymers

Answer 9

cellulose

Question 10

Cellulose passing through our digestive system

Answer 10

dietary fiber

Question 11

an organic compound with three carbon atoms, five hydrogen atoms, and three hydroxyl (–OH) groups.

Answer 11

glycerol

Question 12

have a long chain of hydrocarbons to which an acidic carboxyl group is attached

Answer 12

fatty acids

Question 13

if there are only single bonds between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain
the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
solid at room temperature

Answer 13

saturated fatty acid

Question 14

When the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond
liquid at room temperature

Answer 14

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 15

Most unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are called oils. If there is one double bond in the molecule

Answer 15

monounsaturated fat

Question 16

Most unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are called oils. If there is more than one double bond

Answer 16

polyunsaturated fat

Question 17

fatty acids that are required but not synthesized by the human body

Answer 17

Essential fatty acids

Question 18

Although they do not resemble other lipids, they are grouped with them because they are also hydrophobic.
have a ring structure

Answer 18

steroids

Question 19

made up of a hydrocarbon chain with an alcohol (–OH) group and a fatty acid.

Answer 19

waxes

Question 20

one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules.

Answer 20

protein

Question 21

chemical signaling molecules, usually proteins or steroids, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.

Answer 21

hormones

Question 22

monomers that make up proteins.

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

Every amino acid also has another variable atom or group of atoms bonded to the central carbon atom

Answer 23

r group

Question 24

a polymer of amino acids

Answer 24

polypeptide

Question 25

polypeptide or polypeptides that have combined together, have a distinct shape, and have a unique function.

Answer 25

protein

Question 26

unique three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide

Answer 26

tertiary structure

Question 27

some proteins are formed from several polypeptides

Answer 27

subunits

Question 28

If the protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals, the protein structure may change, losing its shape

Answer 28

denaturation

Question 29

key macromolecules in the continuity of life
They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell.

Answer 29

nucleic acid

Question 30

DNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as

Answer 30

nucleotides