Technique of Echocardiography Flashcards
Which of the following may lead to a misdiagnosis for the presence of aortic dissection with transesophageal echocardiography? A. Thickened mitral valve B. Aberrant right subclavian artery C. Linear artifact D. Mirror-image
B. Aberrant right subclavian artery
C. Linear artifact
D. Mirror-image
The Doppler high-pass filter eliminates: A. Peak velocity flow B. Spectral broadening C. Strong amplitude signals D. Window fill-in
C. Strong amplitude signals
Which 2D view would be most useful to use when evaluating pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation?
A. Suprasternal long-axis
B. Parasternal long-axis of the LV
C. Apical four-chamber
D. Parasternal short-axis at the aortic valve
D. Parasternal short-axis at the aortic valve
Which instrument control directly affects the dynamic range? A. Image depth B. Transmit gain C. TGC D. Compression
D. Compression
A swirling of transpulmonary contrast is noted at the apex of the left ventricle. The sonographer should: A. Inject the contrast at a slower rate B. Decrease the transmit gain C. Use respiratory maneuvers D. Call the nurse
B. Decrease the transmit gain
All of the following cardiac pathologies are best evaluated with cardiac doppler in the apical views EXCEPT: A. Atrial septal defect B. Mitral regurgitation C. Aortic stenosis D. Mitral stenosis
A. Atrial septal defect
Possible pharmacologic treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy include: A. Propranolol B. Epinephrine C. Lasix D. Dobutamine
A. Propranolol
The sonographer may avoid PW Doppler aliasing by all of the following techniques EXCEPT: A. Increase the velocity scale B. Decrease the doppler transmit gain C. Shift the zero baseline D. Decrease the image depth
B. Decrease the doppler gain
All of the following are ways in which the sonographer can improv the lateral resolution while imaging EXCEPT: A. Increase transducer diameter B. Utilize harmonic imaging C. Increase the transmit frequency D. Increase the number of focuses
A. Increase transducer diameter
What is the standard sweep for M-mode echocardiography and cardiac doppler? A. 100 mm/s B. 150 mm/s C. 25 mm/s D. 50 mm/s
D. 50 mm/s
The four acoustic windows for transthoracic echocardiography are:
A. Parasternal, apical, subcostal, suprasternal
B. Apical, subcostal, short-axis, parasternal
C. Parasternal, long-axis, short-axis, subcostal
D. Long-axis, short-axis, four chamber, suprasternal
A. Parasternal, apical, subcostal, suprasternal
A maneuver that will result in tachycardia and a transient decrease in blood pressure is: A. Inhalation of amyl nitrite B. Squatting C. Straight leg raising D. Standing to supine
A. Inhalation of amyl nitrite
The image artifact associated with displaying double images of a structure due to the change in direction of the sound beam is called: A. Range ambiguity B. Acoustic shadowing C. Reverberation D. Refraction
D. Refraction
Which transmit frequency would most likely to be useful for an adult echocardiogram? A. 5.0 MHz B. 7.5 MHz C. 2.5 MHz D. 3.5 MHz
C. 2.5 MHz
Which doppler intercept angle will result in the maximum flow velocity? A. 0 B. 30 C. 90 D. 60
A. 0
The three 2D planes used to examine the heart with transthoracic echocardiography are: A. Long-axis, short-axis, apical B. Long-axis, short-axis, five-chamber C. Parasternal, apical, subcostal D. Long-axis, short-axis, four-chamber
D. Long-axis, short-axis, four-chamber
All of the following may be evaluated with cardiac doppler in the apical five-chamber view EXCEPT: A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Patent foramen ovale C. Valvular aortic stenosis D. Discrete subaortic stenosis
B. Patent foramen ovale
The measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract diameter during early ventricular systole is an important measurement in all of the following calculations EXCEPT: A. Aortic valve area B. Stroke volume C. Right ventricular systolic pressure D. Mitral valve area
C. Right ventricular systolic pressure
Of all of the resolutions, which resolution is most difficult for the sonographer to improve during an exam?
A. Contrast
B. Temporal
C. Spatial (axis resolution, lateral resolution)
D. Elevational
D. Elevational
Which color flow doppler map will display the color green to indicate turbulent flow? A. Directional B. Hue C. Variance D. Intensity
C. Variance
All of the following are true statements concerning M-mode echocardiography EXCEPT:
A. Excellent axial resolution
B. Standard sweep speed is 50 mm/s
C. Primary method of determining the presence and severity of cardiac pathology
D. Excellent temporal resolution
C. Primary method of determining the presence and severity of cardiac pathology
Multiple echoes equally spaced are called: A. Reverberation B. Side lobes C. Refraction D. Propagation speed error
A. Reverberation
All of the following are primary advantages of transesophageal echocardiography EXCEPT:
A. Superior resolution with high transmit frequencies
B. Absence of lung and rib artifact
C. Preferred test for mitral valve stenosis
D. Preferred test for infective endocarditis
C. Preferred test for mitral valve stenosis
The 2D view of choice for the evaluation of coarctation of the aorta is the:
A. Parasternal long-axis
B. Suprasternal long-axis of the aorta
C. Apical five-chamber
D. Parasternal short-axis of the aortic valve
B. Suprasternal long-axis of the aorta
All of the following are true statements concerning color flow Doppler EXCEPT: A. Multigate B. Normal flow does not alias C. Mean velocity displayed D. Pulsed-wave Doppler technique
B. Normal flow does not alias
Increasing the pulsed-wave doppler sample gate length will result in: A. Better determination of laminar flow B. Lower frame rates C. Increased spectral broadening D. Increased peak velocity
C. Increased spectral broadening
All of the following are ways to increase the color flow Doppler frame rate and improve temporal resolution EXCEPT decrease: A. Color gain B. Line density C. Image depth D. Field of view
A. Color gain
All of the following will increase the frame rate and improve temporal resolution EXCEPT decreasing the: A. Image depth B. Field of view C. Transmit gain D. Number of focuses
C. Transmit gain
A maneuver which results in a decrease in venous return is: A. Inspiration B. Valsalva C. Squatting D. Straight leg raising
Valsalva
Agitated saline contrast may be used to evaluate all of the following EXCEPT: A. Aortic regurgitation B. Tricuspid regurgitation C. Left to right atrial septal defect D. Patent foramen ovale
A. Aortic regurgitation
All of the following may be evaluated using the apical window EXCEPT: A. Mitral valve prolapse B. Pulmonary vein flow C. Isovolumetric relaxation time D. Left atrial volume
A. Mitral valve prolapse
The 2D view of choice for evaluating the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins is the:
A. Apical four-chamber
B. Subcostal four-chamber
C. Parasternal long-axis
D. Parasternal short-axis of the aortic valve
B. Subcostal four-chamber
Left ventricular opacification may be accompanied by all of the following contrast agents EXCEPT: A. Agitated saline B. Optison C. Definity D. Imagent
A. Agitated saline
Tissue harmonic imaging improves all of the following EXCEPT: A. Depth of penetration B. Beam width C. Frame rate D. Side lobe artifacts
C. Frame rate
Which 2D view is likely to be LEAST useful when evaluating for atrial septal defect with cardiac doppler? A. PSAX AV with color flow doppler B. A4 with color flow doppler C. A2 view D. Subcostal four-chamber
C. A2 view
All of the following 2D views may be useful when evaluating for the presence of perimembranous ventricular septal defect EXCEPT: A. PLAX B. PSAX AV C. Subcostal four-chamber D. A5
C. Subcostal four-chamber
The preferred 2D view for determining the presence of bicuspid aortic valve is the: A. PLAX B. Apical long-axis C. A5 D. PSAX AV
D. PSAX AV
All of the following decrease with increasing transmit frequency EXCEPT:
A. Depth of penetration
B. Beam width
C. Attenuation
D. Spatial pulse length and pulse duration
C. Attenuation
The image artifact which may cause the sonographer to fail to detect prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation from the apical window is: A. Grating lobes B. Shadowing (flow masking) C. Enhancement D. Comet tail
B. Shadowing (flow masking)
All of the following are true statements concerning PW Doppler EXCEPT:
A. Aliasing is a primary disadvantage
B. Preferred modality to evaluate diastolic function
C. Range resolution (range discrimination)
D. Utilizes two elements
D. Utilizes two elements
The primary advantage of CW Doppler is: A. Range discrimination B. Range ambiguity C. Aliasing will not occur D. Range resolution
C. Aliasing will not occur
