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Cardiac Theory Echo 500 > Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q 
In a patient with VSD, the BP is 120/80 and the peak systolic velocity of the VSD is 5m/s. The RV systolic pressure and Systolic PA pressure is:
A. 120 mmHg
B. 20 mmHg
C. 30 mmHg
D. 110 mmHg
A

B. 20 mmHg

RVSP and SPAP (mmHg) = SBP - 4 x VSD peak vel^2

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2
Q 
The cardiac chambers that are enlarged in VSDs initially are:
A. RA and RV
B. RV and LV
C. LA and LV
D. LA and RA
A

C. LA and LV

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3
Q 
Congenital heart defects strongly associated with Ebstein's anomaly include:
A. ASD
B. Coarctation of the Aorta
C. Discrete subaortic stenosis
D. Parachute MV
A

A. ASD

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4
Q 
The normal Qp/Qs ratio is:
A. 50%
B. 2:1
C. 1:1
D. 1:2
A

C. 1:1

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5
Q 
The view of choice when examining a patient with secundum ASD is:
A. A4
B. PSAX-AV
C. Subcostal 4 Chamber
D. PLAX
A

C. Subcostal 4 Chamber

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6
Q 
The congenital heart defect most associated with Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) is:
A. Atrioventricular septal defect
B. Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
C. Coarctation of the Aorta
D. Tetralogy of Fallout
A

A. Atrioventricular Septal Defect

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7
Q

All of the following surgical repairs for congenital heart disease are correctly matched EXCEPT:
A. Ross: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus
B. Blalock-Taussig: Right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery
C. Modified Glenn: SVC to the right PA
D. Fontan: Single ventricle repair

A

A. Ross: Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus

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8
Q 
The physical finding of cyanosis is most common in:
A. Pulmonary regurgitation
B. Mitral valve prolapse
C. Patent foramen ovale
D. Eisenmenger's Syndrome
A

D. Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

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9
Q 
Uhl's anomaly is:
A. LA Aneurysm
B. Abnormal displacement of the TV
C. RV Dysplasia 
D. Ostium primum ASD with cleft MV
A

C. RV Dysplasia

Uhl’s anomaly (parchment heart) is a congenital disorder where
the right ventricular myocardium is absent and is replaced with
fibro-fatty tissue. It is the most extreme form of right ventricular
dysplasia

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10
Q

All of the following are true concerning Supravalvular aortic stenosis EXCEPT:
A. Associated with proximal coronary artery dilatation
B. LV Volume Overload
C. Hourglass type associated with William’s Syndrome
D. PLAX allows visualization

A

B. LV Volume Overload

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11
Q 
A congenital malformation of the TV in which one, two, or all three leaflets are displaced downward from the annulus with RV dysplasia is known as:
A. Epstein-Barr anomaly
B. Tricuspid Stenosis
C. Ebstein's anomaly
D. Tricuspid atresia
A

C. Ebstein’s anomaly

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12
Q 
A potential complication of patent foramen ovale is:
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Paradoxical embolus
C. Mitral valve stenosis
D. Valvular stenosis
A

B. Paradoxical embolus

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13
Q

The cardiovascular abnormalities seen with Marfan Syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Mitral Supravalvular ring
B. Aortic dissection
C. Dilatation of the aortic root, sinuses, and ascending aorta
D. Mitral valve prolapse

A

A. Mitral Supravalvular ring

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14
Q 
A redundancy of the mid-portion of the atrial septum which may result in an inter-atrial shunt is called:
A. DSS
B. SAM
C. ASA
D. ASH
A

C. ASA

Atrial septal aneurysm

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15
Q 
Patent ductus arteriosus results in:
A. LV volume overload
B. LV pressure overload
C. RV volume overload
D. RV pressure overload
A

A. LV volume overload

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16
Q 
Valvular lesions with coarctation of the aorta is strongly associated include:
A. Bicuspid aortic valve
B. Aortic valve flail
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Aortic valve vegetation
A

A. Bicuspid Aortic Valve

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17
Q

A complete atrioventricular septal defect is ostium primum atrial septal defect with:
A. Canal (inlet)-type VSD, PDA
B. Cleft MV
C. Canal (inlet)-type VSD, common atrioventricular valve
d. Coarctation of the aorta

A

C. Canal (inlet)-type VSD, common atrioventricular valve

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18
Q 
A 2D echo finding for an aortic intimal flap indicates aortic:
A. Aneurysm 
B. Stenosis
C. Dissection 
D. Regurgitation
A

C. Dissection

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19
Q 
The type of VSD most often associated with ventricular septal aneurysm is:
A. Perimembranous
B. Outlet
C. Inlet
D. Trabecular
A

A. Perimembranous

20
Q 
Possible complications of aortic dissection include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Pericardial effusion
B. LV inflow tract obstruction
C. Progressive enlargement of the aorta
D. Aortic regurgitation
A

B. LV inflow tract obstruction

21
Q 
The most common location for aneurysm of the aorta is the:
A. Ascending Aorta
B. Transverse Aorta
C. Descending thoracic aorta
D. Abdominal Aorta
A

D. Abdominal Aorta

22
Q 
The four defects that make up tetralogy of Fallout are RV outflow tract obstruction (i.e PS), VSD, RVH and
A. Deviation of the Aorta
B. Coarctation of the Aorta
C. Cleft Mitral Valve
D. ASD
A

A. Deviation of the Aorta

23
Q 
A possible etiology for aortic aneurysm is:
A. Aortic Regurgitation 
B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
C. Marfan syndrome
D. Coronary artery disease
A

C. Marfan Syndrome

24
Q 
A membrane stretching from the left side of the IVS to the right side of the AMVL is called:
A. Hourglass aortic stenosis
B. "Strand" aorta
C. Aortic Dissection
D. Discrete subaortic stenosis
A

D. Discrete subaortic stenosis

DSS is a thin fibrous membrane located just beneath the AV in the LVOT.

25
Q 
The typical murmur associated with patent ductus arteriosus is:
A. Continuous murmur
B. Late systolic murmur
C. Decrescendo diastolic murmur
D. Holosystolic murmur
A

A. Continuous murmur

26
Q 
All of the following are associated echocardiographic findings for ASD except:
A. RVE
B. RAE
C. LVE
D. PSM of IVS
A

C. LVE

27
Q 
A defect is found in the central portion of the IAS. The type of ASD present is:
A. Coronary sinus
B. Ostium primum
C. Sinus venosus
D. Ostium secundum
A

D. Ostium secundum

28
Q 
For an agitated saline contrast exam, where will contrast appear proving the patient has an ASD?
A. RV
B. Main pulmonary artery
C. LA
D. RA
A

C. LA

29
Q

In coarctation of the aorta blood pressure in the legs:
A. is lower than the right arm
B. is equal to BP in the right arm
C. is higher than in the right arm
D. cannot be compared with BP in the right arm

A

A. is lower than the right arm

30
Q 
All of the following are associated with pulmonary stenosis EXCEPT:
A. RV Hypertrophy
B. PI
C. Systolic doming of the PV
D. Coarctation of the aorta
A

D. Coarctation of the aorta

31
Q 
A communication between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery is called:
A. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. Supracristal VSD
C. Coarctation of the aorta
D. Aortopulmonary window
A

D. Aortopulmonary window

This anatomic defect is similar to the pathophysiology of PDA.

32
Q 
An intimal flap in the aorta is discovered in the PLAX, SSN view of the aorta, and subcostal long-axis view of the aorta. The type of aortic dissection is DeBakey Type:
A. B
B. I
C. III
D. II
A

B. I

33
Q 
Types of Supravalvular aortic stenosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Hourglass
B. Dissected
C. Tunnel
D. Hypertrophic
A

B. Dissected

34
Q 
When evaluating ASD flow with color doppler the sonographer should:
A. invert the color flow map
B. invert the color flow map
C. Increase the color doppler filter
D. reduce the color velocity scale
A

D. reduce the color velocity scale

35
Q 
The most common type of ventricular septal defect is:
A. Perimembranous
B. Outlet (supracristal)
C. Trabecular
D. Inlet
A

A. Perimembranous

36
Q 
The peak velocity across a PDA is 4m/s and the BP is 90/60mmHg. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure is:
A. 36mmHg
B. 4mmHg
C. 64mmHg
D. 26mmHg
A

D. 26mmHg

37
Q

Echo criteria for the diagnosis of aortic dissection include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Pleural effusion
B. Pericardial effusion
C. Recognition of an intimal flap within the aorta
D. Decrease in aortic dimension

A

D. Decrease in aortic dimension

38
Q 
Narrowing of the aortic isthmus is:
A. Aortic Dissection
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Aortic arch aneurysm
D. Patent ductus arteriosus
A

B. coarctation of the aorta

39
Q

Important factors in evaluating post-surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallout include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Evaluate right and left ventricular function
B. Rule out shunting at the margins of the ventricular septal defect repair
C. Rule out residual RV outflow tract obstruction
D. Rule out residual shunting at the margins of the ASD repair

A

D. rule out residual shunting at the margins of the ASD repair

40
Q

The doppler findings associated with PDA is:
A. systolic flow reversal in the pulmonary veins
B. holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending thoracic aorta
C. decreased PHT of the MV
D. increased flow velocity at the aortic isthmus

A

B. holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending thoracic aorta

41
Q 
Associated anomalies of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. VSD
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. ASD
D. Bicuspid aortic valve
A

B. Coarctation of the aorta

42
Q 
A patient with a long-standing history of systemic hypertension is sent to the ER after developing chest pain that radiated to the back. The EKG demonstrated LVH and the chest roentgenogram revealed a widening of the mediastinum. A possible diagnosis is:
A. Aortic dissection
B. Acute severe MR
C. MS
D. Pericarditis
A

A. Aortic Dissection

43
Q 
Eisenmenger's syndrome may be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A. PDA
B. Bicuspid AV
C. ASD
D. VSD
A

B. Bicuspid AV

44
Q 
Defects associated with tetralogy of Fallout in approximately 30% of cases include:
A. Right aortic arch
B. Tricuspid atresia
C. Bicuspid aortic valve
D. Overriding pulmonary artery
A

A. Right aortic arch

45
Q 
Prime characteristics of tetralogy of Fallout include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. ASD
B. RVH
C. RVOT obstruction
D. Malalignment VSD
A

A. ASD

46
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_ sinus of Valsalva is the most common sinus involved in sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.
A. Right
B. Non-coronary
C. all three equally involved
D. Left
A

A. Right

Cardiac Theory Echo 500 (7 decks)

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