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Cardiac Theory Echo 500 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q 
The name of the aortic segment located between the left subclavian artery and the insertion of the ligamentum arteriosum is the:
A. Sino-tubular Junction
B. Aortic Isthmus 
C. Transverse Aorta
D. Aortic Root
A

B. Aortic Isthmus

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2
Q 
The section of the aorta that is located between the diaphragm and the iliac arteries is called the:
A. Aortic Isthmus
B. Transverse Aorta
C. Descending Thoracic Aorta
D. Abdominal Aorta
A

D. Abdominal Aorta

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3
Q 
Structures of the Mitral Valve apparatus include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Papillary muscles
B. Chordae Tendinea
C. MV annulus
D. Sinuses of Valsalva
A

D. Sinuses of Valsalva

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4
Q

According to the electrocardiogram (EKG), electrical systole is:
A. Onset of the QRS to the onset of the T wave
B. Onset of the T wave to the onset of the P wave
C. Onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
D. End of the T wave to the onset of the QRS complex

A

C. Onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave

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5
Q 
All of the following wall segments may be visualized in the Apical 2 chamber view EXCEPT:
A. Cardiac Apex
B. Anterior Wall
C. Inferior Wall
D. Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
A

D. Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

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6
Q 
All of the following are components of a PW Doppler of a pulmonary vein EXCEPT:
A. S1
B. S2
C. E
D. AR
A

C. E

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7
Q 
All of the following wall segments may be visualized in the Apical 4 Chamber view EXCEPT:
A. Anterior interventricular septum
B. Lateral wall of the right ventricle
C. Cardiac Apex
D. Anterolateral Wall
A

A. Anterior interventricular septum

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8
Q 
All of the following are considered a part of normal ventricular diastole EXCEPT:
A. Atrial Systole
B. Early passive filling
C. Isovolumic Relaxation
D. Ventricular Depolarization
A

D. Ventricular Depolarization

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9
Q

The boundaries of the functional left ventricular outflow tract are best described as extending from the:
A. Anterior AV annulus to the posterior AV annulus
B. Anteromedial position of the TV annulus to the PV annulus
C. Free edge of the anterior MV leaflet to the AV annulus
D. Tips of the left ventricular papillary muscles to the edge of the anterior MV leaflet

A

C. Free edge of the anterior MV leaflet to the AV annulus

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10
Q 
The outpouching behind each Aortic Valve leaflet is called the:
A. Ligamentum Arteriosum
B. Ductus Arteriosus
C. Sinuses of the Valsalva
D. Aortic Isthmus
A

C. Sinuses of Valsalva

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11
Q 
When should the Left Atrium be measured?
A. Late Diastole
B. End Systole
C. Early Diastole
D, Diastasis
A

B. End Systole

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12
Q

All of the following are true statements concerning the Left Ventricle EXCEPT:
A. Normal wall thickness is 0.3 to 0.5 cm
B. Most anterior positioned cardiac chamber
C. Heavily trabeculated
D. Normally forms the cardiac apex

A

D. Normally forms the cardiac apex

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13
Q 
The Coronary Sinus can be differentiated from the Descending Thoracic Aorta with PW Doppler because coronary sinus flow is predominantly diastolic while aortic flow is:
A. Phasic
B. Predominantly Systolic
C. Predominantly Diastolic
D. Equiphasic
A

B. Predominantly Systolic

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14
Q

All of the following are true statements concerning the Left Ventricle EXCEPT:
A. Bullet Shaped (truncated ellipsoid)
B. Heavily Trabeculated
C. Contains two papillary muscle groups
D. Top normal thickness is approximately 1.0 cm

A

B. Heavily Trabeculated

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15
Q 
The names of the two Left Ventricular papillary muscle groups are:
A. Anterior; Posterior
B. Superior; Inferior
C. Medial; Lateral
D. Anterolateral; Posteromedial
A

D. Anterolateral; Posteromedial

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16
Q 
The normal volume of clear serous fluid in the pericardial sac is:
A. 10 to 50 mL
B. 200 to 500 L
C. 20 to 50 mL
D. 200 to 500 mL
A

A. 10 to 50 mL

17
Q

Normal pressure values in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) for the listed cardiac chambers or great vessels include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Right Atrial pressure: 2 to 8 mean
B. Aorta: 100 to 140 systolic; 3 to 12 end diastolic
C. Pulmonary Artery: 15 to 30 systolic; 2 to 12 mean diastolic
D. Right Ventricle: 15 to 30 systolic; 2 to 8 diastolic

A

B. Aorta: 100 to 140 systolic; 3 to 12 end diastolic

18
Q 
Which 2D view is recommended when measuring the Right Atrium?
A. PSAX-AV
B. A4
C. RVIT
D. Subcostal 4 Chamber
A

B. A4

19
Q 
The normal Mitral Valve area is:
A. 3.5 to 4.5 cm2
B. 4 to 6 cm2
C. 3 to 5 cm2
D. 5 to 8 cm2
A

B. 4 to 6 cm2

20
Q 
All of the following structures are located in the Right Atrium EXCEPT:
A. Moderator Band
B. Crista Terminalis
C. Thebesian Valve
D. Eustachian Valve
A

A. Moderator Band

21
Q 
The Crista Terminalis is found in the:
A. Left Atrium
B. Left Ventricle
C. Right Atrium
D. Right Ventricle
A

C. Right Atrium

22
Q 
The Chiari network is found in the:
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Ventricle
A

B. Right Atrium

23
Q

All of the following ventricular wall segments may be supplied by the right coronary artery EXCEPT:
A. Basal and mid-anterior interventricular septum
B. Lateral wall of the Right Ventricle
C. Basal and mid-inferolateral walls of the left ventricle
D. Basal and mid-inferior walls of the left ventricle

A

A. Basal and Mid-Anterior Interventricular Septum

24
Q

The imaginary boundaries that define the mid-left ventricle are the:
A. Aortic annulus to the edge of the MV
B. Tip of the papillary muscles to the base of the papillary muscles
C. Base of the papillary muscles to the cardiac apex
D. Mitral annulus to the tip of the papillary muscles

A

B. Tip of the papillary muscles to the base of the papillary muscles

25
Q

Which Left Ventricular wall segment is LEAST likely to be supplied by the circumflex coronary artery?
A. Basal inferior wall of the left ventricle
B. Lateral wall of the cardiac apex
C. Inferolateral wall of the left ventricle
D. Anterolateral wall of the left ventricle

A

A. Basal inferior wall of the left ventricle

26
Q

The correct order for the branches of the transverse aorta (aortic arch) is:
A. Sinuses of Valsalva, right innominate, left innominate
B. Right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
C. Right brachiocephalic, left brachiocephalic, left common carotid
D. Left subclavian, right subclavian, left common carotid

A

B. Right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

27
Q 
Which pulmonary vein is not visualized in the A4 view?
A. Right Lower
B. Left Upper
C. Right Upper
D. Left Lower
A

A. Right Lower

28
Q 
All of the following left ventricular wall segments may be evaluated in the PSAX-PAP level EXCEPT:
A. Cardiac Apex
B. Anterior Interventricular Septum
C. Anterolateral
D. Anterior Wall
A

A. Cardiac Apex

29
Q 
The moderator band is always located in the:
A. Right Ventricle
B. Left Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Atrium
A

A. Right Ventricle

30
Q 
The left anterior descending coronary artery supplies blood to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Anterior interventricular septum
B. Anterior wall of the left ventricle
C. Inferior wall of the left ventricle
D. Apical Cap
A

C. Inferior wall of the left ventricle

31
Q 
The most likely explanation of main pulmonary artery dilatation is:
A. Pulmonary Hypertension
B. Carcinoid Heart Disease
C. Truncus Arteriosus
D. Bicuspid Aortic Valve
A

A. Pulmonary Hypertension

32
Q 
The potential space behind the left atrium where pericardial effusion could accumulate is the:
A. Pleural potential space
B. Sinus of Valsalva
C. Transverse Sinus
D. Oblique Sinus
A

D. Oblique Sinus

33
Q

All of the following left ventricular wall segments may be evaluated in the PLAX view EXCPET:
A. Mid-anterior interventricular septum
B. Cardiac Cap
C. Cardiac Apex
D. Basal anterior interventricular septum

A

C. Cardiac Apex

34
Q 
The Eustachian Valve is found in the:
A. Left Atrium
B. Right Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Ventricle
A

B. Right Atrium

Cardiac Theory Echo 500 (7 decks)

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