technique errors

Question 1

density

Answer 1

overall blackness or darkness of a dental radiograph

Question 2

what 3 exposure factors control the density of a radiograph

Answer 2

milliamperage
operating kilovoltage peak
exposure time

Question 3

contrast

Answer 3

difference in the degrees of blackness between adjacent areas on a dental radiograph

Question 4

high contrast

Answer 4

very dark areas and very light areas

Question 5

low contrast

Answer 5

does not have very dark and very light areas but instead has many shades of gray

Question 6

milliamperage

Answer 6

an increase in mA produces more x-rays that the receptor is exposed to and as a result increases the density

Question 7

operating kilovoltage peak

Answer 7

an increase in kVp increases density by increasing the average energy of the xrays and by producing xrays of higher energy.

Question 8

exposure time

Answer 8

an increase in exposure time increases density by increasing the total number of xrays that reach the receptor surface.

Question 9

subject contrast

Answer 9

refers to the characteristics of the subject that influence radiographic contract. deteremined by thickness, density, and composition

Question 10

short scale contrast

Answer 10

dental radiograph that shows only two densities, areas of black and areas of white.
a low kilovoltage range results with short scale contrast
can also be described as having high contrast

Question 11

long scale contrast

Answer 11

dental radiograph that exhibits many densities, or many shades of gray.
higher kilovoltage range results with long scale contrast
can also be described as having low contrast

Question 12

stepwedge

Answer 12

used to demonstrate short scale contrast and long scale contrast

Question 13

penumbra

Answer 13

fuzzy unclear area that surrounds a radiographic image

unsharpness or blurring of an image

Question 14

magnification

Answer 14

a radiographic image that appears larger than the actual size of the object it represents

Question 15

Target-receptor distance

Answer 15

distance between the source of x-rays and the image receptor.
determined by the length of the PID.
A longer PID results in less image magnification and a shorter PID results in a more image magnification

Question 16

Object-receptor distance

Answer 16

distance between the object being radiographed and the image receptor
the closer the tooth is to the receptor, the less is the enlargement of the image. A decrease in ORD results in a decrease in magnification and an increase in ORD results in an increase in magnification

Question 17

distortion

Answer 17

variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed
results from unequal magnification of different parts of the same object.