film processing

Question 1

Developing

Answer 1

reduces exposed silver halide crystals to black metallic

Question 2

fixing

Answer 2

removes unexposed and underdeveloped silver halide crystals and creates white or clear areas on the dental radiograph

Question 3

Automatic processing characteristics

Answer 3

• no light can be there

- takes 5-7 minutes

Question 4

manual processing characteristics

Answer 4

• no light can be there

- takes 10-12 minutes

Question 5

what do you need for film duplication

Answer 5

• need dark room
• film duplicator
• duplicating film
• processed film to duplicate
• place films on duplicator first

Question 6

what are the steps in automatic developing

Answer 6

1. development
2. fixing
3. washing
4. drying

Question 7

what are the steps in manual developing

Answer 7

1. development
2. rinsing
3. fixing
4. washing
5. drying

Question 8

minimum distance for the safe light from the working surface

Answer 8

4 feet

Question 9

optimal temperature for developing solution

Answer 9

82 degrees

Question 10

rinsing stage

Answer 10

necessary to remove the developer from the film and stop the developmental process

Question 11

what does the fixer do?

Answer 11

hardens the film emulsion

Question 12

washing stage

Answer 12

film is washed with water in order to remove all the excess chemicals from the emulsion

Question 13

drying stage

Answer 13

air dried at room temperature in a dust-free area. films must be completely dried before handled

Question 14

4 solutions found in the developer solution

Answer 14

1. developing agent
2. preservative
3. accelerator
4. restrainer

Question 15

developing agent

Answer 15

contains hydroquinone and Elon and reduces the exposed silver halide crystals chemically into black metallic silver

Question 16

preservative (developer)

Answer 16

also known as sodium sulfite and prevents the developer solution from oxidizing the presence of air

Question 17

Accelerator (developer)

Answer 17

also known as sodium carbonate and activates the developing agents

Question 18

restrainer (developer)

Answer 18

also known as potassium bromide and the purpose of this is to control the developer and to prevent it from developing the exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals

Question 19

4 solutions found in the fixer solution

Answer 19

1. fixing agent
2. preservative
3. hardening agent
4. acidifier

Question 20

fixing agent

Answer 20

made up of sodium thiosulfate and removes or clears all unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals from the film emulsion

Question 21

preservative (fixer)

Answer 21

sodium sulfite prevents the chemical deterioration of the fixing agent

Question 22

hardening agent (fixer)

Answer 22

potassium alum is used and it is used to shrink the gelatin in the film emulsion after it has been softened by the accelerator in the developing solution

Question 23

acidifier (fixer)

Answer 23

sulfuric acid or acetic acid and the purpose is to neutralize the alkaline developer.