Safety

Question 1

ALARA concept

Answer 1

as low as reasonably achievable states that all exposure radiation must be kept to a minimum

Question 2

Collimation

Answer 2

restricts the size and shape of xray beam and to reduce patient exposure

Question 3

Added filtration

Answer 3

refers to the place of aluminum discs in the path of the xray beam between the collimator and tubehead seal in machine

Question 4

Inherent filtration

Answer 4

primary beam passes through glass window of the xray tube, the insulting oil, and the tubehead seal 0.5-1 mm of aluminum

Question 5

lead apron

Answer 5

flexible shield placed over patients chest and lap to protect the reproductive and blood forming tissues from scatter radiation

Question 6

maximum accumulated dose MAD

Answer 6

exposed workers must not exceed an accumulated lifetime dose
(age - 18) x 0.05 sv/year
(age - 18) x 5 rems/year

Question 7

maximum permissible dose MPD

Answer 7

maximum dose equivalent that the body is permitted to receive within a specific period

Question 8

position indicating device

Answer 8

extension of the xray tubehead and is used to direct the xray beam.
3 different types: conical, rectangular, and round

Question 9

thyroid collar

Answer 9

flexible lead shield that is placed around patients neck to protect the thyroid gland from scatter radiation

Question 10

What must be done before exposure

Answer 10

1. xray equipment meets standards: collimation, filtration, PID

Question 11

what year did standards first come out?

Answer 11

1974

Question 12

total filtration

Answer 12

equivalent of 1.5 mm aluminum xray machines operating below 70 kvp or 2.5 mm above 70 kvp

Question 13

characteristics of rectangular PID

Answer 13

reduces exposure 70% over round

but also increases chances of cone cutting more

Question 14

what must be done during exposure

Answer 14

1. lead apron and thyroid collar
2. digital image or fast film
3. receptor holding device
4. time (avoid retakes)
5. shielding for operator
6. distance from direct ray for operator

Question 15

what speed is the fasted speed of film

Answer 15

F speed

Question 16

what imaging decreases the amount of exposure time used

Answer 16

digital imaging

Question 17

what is the purpose of the receptor holding device

Answer 17

1. reduces # of retakes
2. stabilizes the receptor
3. reduce possibility of receptor movement and receptor bending

Question 18

what precautions can the operator take?

Answer 18

1. never hold tube when taking x-ray
2. never hold receptor for patient
3. position behind wall 2.5-3 inches of dry-wall
4. must be 6ft and 90-135 degrees from head of patient
5. wear a badge

Question 19

what must be done after exposure

Answer 19

1. proper film/sensor handling
2. proper film scanning
3. Don’t let film be exposed to light
4. no double exposures

Question 20

is a full mouth xray less radiation than sitting out in the sun all day?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what length of PID is used and why?

Answer 21

long 16 inches because less divergence of the xray beam occurs