Technique Analysis and Deterministic Models

Question 1

What does technique analysis involve?

Answer 1

Movement
Skill
Moment analysis
Gathering information
Observation

Question 2

Why is it important to undergo technique analysis?

Answer 2

Going to deal with many different sporting individuals- looking to enhance what they can do/ their performance.

The ability to understand the application of sports mechanics is central to many techniques employed in sport, strength and conditioning.

Question 3

What is general motion?

Answer 3

A combination of linear and angular motion

Force= torque/ moment
Inertia= moment of inertia
Velocity= angular velocity
Momentum= angular momentum

Most movement in sport (especially team games)= general motion

Question 4

What are the main aspects of biomechanics and kineaseology?

Answer 4

Bio= DATA based

Kine= OBSERVATION driven

=synergy between the two

Question 5

What are the 6 constraints of movement?

Maddy

Says

Technique

(and)

Style

(is)

Really

Hard

Answer 5

Movement pattern- a general series of anatomical movements that have common elements of special configuration

Skill- when a general movement pattern is adapted to the constraints of a particular task

Technique- when a particular type of the same skill/ task is performed

Style- modifications within technique dependant on performer- individual timing

Rules and environment- rules may guide/ peanalise- follow through after discuss

Human factors- strength,force (GENETICS)

Question 6

Movement vs Motion?

Answer 6

Movement= the change in position of an object in relation to a FIXED POINT in space

Motion= in physics, motion is the change of location/ position of an object with respect to TIME
=TIME and DATA

Question 7

How do we understand motion?

Answer 7

Either DATA or OBSERVATION

Quantitive
(Data)
=motion analysis
=force plates
=wearable tech

Qualitative
(Observations)
=movement analysis
=not using data
=video review

Question 8

What are the two main components we need in Biomechanics analysis?

Answer 8

VALIDIDTY (qualitative)= context

RELIABLITY (quantitative)= data

CONTEXT= qualitative
“Qualitative analysis has been defined as the “systematic observation” and judgement of the quality of human movement”
(Knudson and Morrison, 2002)

Question 9

What are the six steps used when dealing with movement analysis (qualitative data)?

Objective
Characteristics
Study
Phases
Elements
Reasons

Answer 9

1. Determine the objective of the skill
2. Note any specific characteristics of the skill
3. Study elite performances of the skill
4. Divide skill into key phases
5. Divide each skill into key elements
6. Understand the mechanical reasons each element is performed as it is

Question 10

Step 1: Objective

Answer 10

May be classified according to it’s overall performance objective (OPO)
Usually expressed in mechanical terms eg: rugby pass
The OPO can be more than one thing- accuracy and speed

OPO can be primary and secondary objectives
Priority of OPO must be established

Question 11

Step 2: Characteristics

Answer 11

Note any special characteristics

Discrete
Continuous
Open
Closed

Question 12

Step 3: Study- elite level performance

Answer 12

Observing masterful performances= symmetry of multiple skills
Valuable to know the end product= help see how it should be done

VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE
SELF-EFFICACY- observing the skill influences

Question 13

Step 4: Phases

Answer 13

Discrete skills can be further divided into major phases

-PREPARATORY PHASE-start position
-EXECUTION PHASE- main element of skill
-RECOVERY PHASE- follow through element

Question 14

Step 5: Elements

Answer 14

Example: preparatory phase for rugby drop kick/ drag goal attempt

-hold ball in hands for 2 seconds
-eyes on ball
-step forward with non kicking foot
-swing through with back foot

Question 15

Step 6: Reasons

Answer 15

The mechanical reasons underpinning key elements is where a sport scientist can apply insight

-balance
-stability
-technique issues?

Question 16

What do you need to be able to do for objective recordings?

Answer 16

Be able to see the movement:

Think- angle, plane, axis
Practice- uncontested, technique
Reality- contested performance and distractions

eg: Squatting technique- access key anatomical landmarks when searching for specific errors
eg: lateral dropping= faulty

Question 17

Define deterministic model?

Answer 17

“a modelling paradigm that determines the relationships between a movement outcome measure and a biomechanics factors that produce such a measure”

(Hay and Reid, 1989)

Question 18

EG: 100 m dash deterministic model:

Answer 18

IDENTIFY WHAT VARIABLES ARE MOST RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE

Model performance as an ideal, only suitable for beginners

Time- affected by av speed
Av speed affected by AV stride length and AV stride frequency

Question 19

What is a critique of deterministic models?

Answer 19

“perhaps the most important issue related to the practical application of DM is that they are models of performance and not of technique.

They are able to identify factors that are relevant to performance, but not necessarily aspects of technique that are relevant to those factors”

(Lees, 2002)

Question 20

What does a biomechanics tool box mean and what affects the tool that we use?

Answer 20

Motion-quantitative

Movement- qualitative

Skill

Technique/ Performance

WHAT AFFECTS?- Situation specific (labs), Population (schools, sport, elite)
Funding/ resources
Time availability
Long term goal/ what is the outcome?