Technical principles (core Knowledge)

Question 1

Market Pull definition

Answer 1

a new product is developed in response to a demand in market or user

Question 2

Technology Push

Answer 2

Products developed as a result of new technology

Question 3

Mass produced

Answer 3

hundreds or thousands of identical products manufactured on a production line

Question 4

Assembly lines

Answer 4

a line of equipment/machinery manned by workers who gradually assemble a product as it passes along the line

Question 5

Automated Production

Answer 5

the use of computer-controlled equipment or machinery in manufacturing

Question 6

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Answer 6

Question 7

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Answer 7

Question 8

Global Manufacturing meaning

Answer 8

Manufacturing of components of a product around the globe

Question 9

Smart materials

Answer 9

materials which react to a change in the environment such as temperature, light pressure or electrical input

Question 10

Electroluminescent material

Answer 10

Materials that provide light when exposed to a current e.g. Inorganic semiconductors

Question 11

(QTC) quantum tunneling composite

Answer 11

Materials that can change from conductors to insulators when under pressure.(flexible polymer that contains conductive nickel particles. when these particles come in contact and are compressed it leads to an increase in conductivity, when force is removed material returns to original state an becomes an electrical insulator )

Question 12

(SMA) shape memory alloy

Answer 12

returns to its original shape when heated e.g. nitinol, used for medical applications

Question 13

Polymorph

Answer 13

a thermoforming polymer supplied in granular form. when heated in warm water to 62°C it softens and forms a pliable volume of material that can be molded and shaped, it solidifies on cooling and can become pliable again when reheated in water

Question 14

Photochromic pigment/dye

Answer 14

change colour in response to changes in light e.g. sunglasses can change in response to uv radiation

Question 15

Thermochromic pigment/dye

Answer 15

change colour in response to a change in heat and can be engineered to specific heat ranges e.g. can be used in baby bottles

Question 16

Micro-encapsulation

Answer 16

a process of applying microscopic capsules to fibers ,fabrics, paper and card e.g. can contain vitamins ,moisturizers

Question 17

Biomimetics

Answer 17

Biomimicry is when inspiration from new products come from the natural world e.g. Fastskin developed by speedo mimics the Shark’s sandpaper like skin by reducing drag in water

Question 18

(CFRP) carbon fibre reinforced polymer

Answer 18

CFRP consists of woven carbon fibre strands encased in polymer resin.carbon fibre strands have a very high tensile strength and the polymer resin is lightweight and ridged.often used in sports equipment e.g. tennis racquets

Question 19

Kevlar

Answer 19

A lightweight,flexible and extremely durable aramid fibre that has excellent resistance to heat ,corrosion and chemical damage and a high strength to weight ratio .often used in protective clothing e.g. police body armour

Question 20

(GRP) glass reinforced plastic

Answer 20

A composite of glass fibres and polyester resin.glass fibres create rigidity and the resin makes GRP tough and lightweight.however,GRP is hard to recycle as the process of combining the glass fibres and resin cannot be reversed .used for surfboards,canoes etc.

Question 21

Electronic systems

Answer 21

Used to provide functionality to products and processes

Question 22

System

Answer 22

A set of parts which work together to provide functionality to products

Question 23

Subsystem

Answer 23

The interconnected parts of a system

Question 24

Microcontroller

Answer 24

A miniatured computer,programmed to perform a specific task and embedded in a product

Question 25

Process subsystem

Answer 25

The process subsystem receives signals from the inputs and responds in a specific way to control the output, depending on the needs of the product

Question 26

What type of functions can a process device perform?

Answer 26

1)counting e.g. sports scoreboards,digital clock,pedometer
2)switching e.g. night lights, electric kettle ,automatic door
3)timing e.g. security light, burglar alarms,cooking timer

Question 27

Inputs

Answer 27

Consists of sensors which can monitor and measure a range of physical quantities

Question 28

Sensor

Answer 28

Produces an electrical signal which can be digital or analogue

Question 29

Digital sensor

Answer 29

A sensor to detect a yes/no or an on/off situation

Question 30

Analogue sensor

Answer 30

A sensor to measure how big a physical quantity is

Question 31

(LDR) light-dependant resistor

Answer 31

An analogue component to sense light level

Question 32

Output subsystem

Answer 32

Converts an electrical signal into a desired function

Question 33

Feedback in a system

Answer 33

When a signal from the output is taken and fed back into the input of the process system e.g electric oven control system

Question 34

Flowchart

Answer 34

A graphical representation of a program