Technical Manual

Question 1

Leg Rotation

Answer 1

Rotation of the femur in the hip socket and lower leg.
Anything above is not leg rotation.
Abduction -away from midline. Adduction-toward midline
Requires a strong (“stable or quite”) upper body to turn against.

Question 2

Counter-Rotation

Answer 2

Upper body turns in one direction and lower body turns in the opposite direction.
Rotation stops and the end of range of motion.
To be effective the motion can not be drawn out.
Very effective when skier is airborne.

Question 3

Anticipation (rotation)

Answer 3

Upper body actively turns to face down the hill or skis continue to turn across the hill as body continues facing down hill.
Stretches and engages muscles so when skier releases edges a strong reaction causes ski rotation.
Commonly used in a short radius with a blocking pole plant.

Question 4

Upper Body Rotation

Answer 4

Inefficient move where upper body moves first followed by lower body.
Can be used tactically in heavy snow.

Question 5

Rotational Outcomes

Answer 5

Turning
Steering - includes edging
Pivoting - typically about the center of the ski

Question 6

Edge Control

Answer 6

Inclination - lateral movement of the skier to the inside.
Angulation - movements that create angles between body parts.
Hip Angulation and Knee Angulation.
Greatest degree of hip angulation comes form combination of leg rotation, abduction and adduction of femurs, and torso flexion (primarily at the hip joint.
Leg rotation allows the upper body to bend more toward the outside ski.

Question 7

Edge Control Outcomes

Answer 7

Sliding - straight run
Slipping- side slip
Skidding- combination of sliding and slipping
Carving- carving (tail follows the path cut by the tip)

Question 8

Pressure Control Along the Length of Skis

Answer 8

Center of Mass - skiers central balance point
Base of Support - Where skiers weight is distributed on the snow.
Can move CM, BOS or both relative to each other.
F/A movement is most effective when adjusting ankle flexion

Question 9

Controlling Pressure from Ski to Ski

Answer 9

Transition requires skier to move the CM toward the inside of each turn and direct his balance to the outside ski.
Flexion of old outside leg and extension of new outside leg.
Extension of both legs with more rapid extension of the new outside. CM travels upward.
Flexion of both legs with more rapid flexion of the old outside leg. CM lowers or remains level with the ground.

Question 10

Controlling Magnitude of Pressure

Answer 10

First and foremost is rotation and/or edging.
Secondarily is through flexion/extension
Up unweighting - quick extension, hop
Down unweighting - quick flexion, as hit a sharp mogul
Retraction - actively pulling up
Absorption - allowing muscles to relax and give into the forces

Question 11

Lateral References of Stance

Answer 11

Skier’s hips, shoulders and hands remain relatively level as the CM move to the inside of the turn.

Question 12

Rotational References

Answer 12

Imaginary line across the bindings is parallel to a line across the knees, front of the hips, shoulders and hands.

Question 13

F/A References

Answer 13

Skiers posture maintains a degree of forward lean relative to speed, terrain and snow conditions.
Degree of ankle flexion determines lower leg angle which is matched by the spine.