MA with Sara

Question 1

Fore/Aft P: Fundamental mechanics relative to Skills Concept

Answer 1

Control the relationship of the CM to the BOS to direct pressure along the length of the skis.

Question 2

Ski to Ski P: Fundamental mechanics relative to Skills Concept

Answer 2

Control the pressure from ski to ski and direct pressure toward the outside ski.

Question 3

Magnitude: Fundamental mechanics relative to Skills Concept

Answer 3

Regulate the magnitude of pressure created through ski/snow interaction.

Question 4

Rotational Control: Fundamental mechanics relative to Skills Concept

Answer 4

Control the skis rotation (turning, pivoting, steering) with leg rotation, separate from the upper body.

Question 5

Edge Control: Fundamental mechanics relative to Skills Concept

Answer 5

Control the angle of the ski to the snow through a combination of inclination and angulation.

Question 6

Complete MA Statement (Choose primary and secondary fundamentals)

Answer 6

Ski and body observation (1 phase to another using 1 D.I.R.T. quantifier).

Cause and effect (1 skill and resulting ski performance, 1 phase to another)

Prescription for change (1 skill and resulting ski performance, 1 phase to another)

Question 7

Cause and Effect

Answer 7

Body movements are the cause. Ski performance is the effect.

1 skill and one phase to another.

1 phase to another.

Question 8

Prescription for change

Answer 8

More ideal body movement to effect more ideal ski performance.

1 skill and resulting ski performance.

1 phase to another.

Question 9

Rotary: ski observation basic focus/words

Answer 9

rotate, steer, pivot, … slowly, quickly, abruptly, steadily, continually and progressively,… simultaneous, sequential, … initiation, shaping, finish.

turn shape

Question 10

Rotary: ski observation

Answer 10

More turning at the end of shaping and finish phases of the turn. Shape of turn is like an upside down comma or Z shape.

Skis turn sequentially with the outside ski turning 1st at initiation followed by inside ski turning in the shaping.

Divergence occurred at initiation. Skis then match in the shaping and finish phases. (new inside ski at a quicker rate than outside ski

Divergence occurring at the finish.

Go straight into turn shape description after ski observation for rotary only

Question 11

Rotary: turn shape/speed control outcomes.

Answer 11

**Turns were an upside down comma shape. Slow rate of turn in the initiation and shaping followed by higher rate of turn in the finish. **

**Turns were “Z” shape. Had an abrupt sharp turn in the finish phases. **

Finish of turn was truncated. Initiation of the next turn occurred before the skis rotated very far past the fall line. The turns provided very little speed control.

Turns move from initiation to finish with very little shaping. The skis maximum angle away from the fall line is perhaps 30 degrees. The turns provided very little speed control.

Question 12

Rotary: body observations basic focus/words

Answer 12

leg steering, separation of upper and lower body, whole body… slowly, quickly, abruptly, steadily, continually and progressively,… simultaneous, sequential, … initiation, shaping, finish.

Question 13

Rotary: body observations

Answer 13

Rotary Ideal: Control skis rotation with leg rotation separate from the upper body.

Leg steering from the hip sockets with upper/lower body separation. (+or- sequential leg steering)

Whole body turning with the skis. (+or- sequential leg steering, maybe leg steering in the finish phase)

Upper body rotates first to initiate the turn. Turn in the lower body happens in shaping phase.

Freeman: rotary occurs from the hip sockets or spine.

Question 14

Rotary/Observation: Sequential

Answer 14

Skis turn sequentially with the outside ski turning 1st at initiation followed by inside ski turning in the shaping phase. Leg steering/whole body steering/upper body rotation. Turns were a ……. (shape and rate/duration)

Sequential leg steering from the hip sockets with upper/lower body separation.
or
Sequential leg steering from the hip sockets while the whole body turns with the skis.

Question 15

Rotary/Observation: upper body first

Answer 15

** More turning at the end of shaping and finish phases of the turn. Shape of turn is like an upside down comma or Z shape. Upper body, spinal rotation initiates the turn and skis respond in the shaping phase. Followed by a prolonged finish.**

Question 16

Rotary: cause and effect.

Answer 16

With x body movements the skis are y and turns are …

… and at the finish, the turn is sharp with speed control through skidding (Freeman)

Strung out S: With a lack of much leg steering the skis are not making much of an arc from start to finish.

Asymmetric/ christie (Dorothy):
Skier’s CM is inside at the finish and to initiate the turn. The sequential rotation is a solution to make the turn happen with this stance. This creates a slow rate of turn from initiation to shaping and more shape and most speed control in the finish.

Asymmetric/aft:
Skier’s CM is aft. It is difficult to affect continuous and progressive leg steering with this stance. This causes a slow rate of turning in the initiation and shaping phases, with most turning and speed control in the finish.

Asymmetric/banker: same as above.

The skier is also aft throughout the turn which makes continuous and progressive leg steering difficult. To overcome this, the skier’s solution is to use an upper body move which causes a delayed turn with poor turn shape control.

Question 17

Rotary: prescription for change

Question 18

Edging: ski observation basic focus/words

Answer 18

carved, skidded … flat, tip, pivot point, cooresponding or opposing, same rate and time

Question 19

Edging: ski observation

Answer 19

Still wedging (Dorothy) : Opposing edges of the skis are tipped from the initiation into shaping phase of the turn. Edges are _____ (corresponding?) in the finish.

If above is not dramatic:
From corresponding edges at the finish, a brief sequential edge change occurs during the initiation and quickly moves to matching edges by the shaping phase.

Edge angle of the skis are not equal. in the shaping and finish phase.

Edge angles are slow to build from initiation to shaping. Greatest edge angles occur in the finish phases. Or: skis are abruptly tipped in the finish of the turn

Question 20

Edging: body observation basic focus/words

Answer 20

Inclination, angulation… sequential

Question 21

Edging: body observation

Answer 21

Ideal: Edges were tipped at the same rate and time progressively throughout the turn using a blend of angulation and inclination.

Skier was using more inclination than angulation to tip the skis. At initiation the whole body moved over the skies and back inside the turn by the shaping phase.

A-frame shape of the lower legs. (Creates different edge angles, possibly even opposing)

Sequential (Dorothy):
At initiation the stance is widened by moving the outside ski away from the body and bringing the inside leg back in during the shaping phase. Touch on angulation/inclination.

Question 22

Edging/Observation: Christie

Answer 22

From corresponding edges at the finish, a brief sequential edge change occurs during the initiation and quickly moves to matching edges by the shaping phase. Edges were tipped by more inclination than angulation movements. Turns were “Z” shape. (body movements/shapes)

Question 23

Edging/Observation: Inclination

Answer 23

Edge angles are slow to build from initiation to shaping. Skier was using more inclination than angulation to tip the skis. At initiation the whole body moved over the skies and back inside the turn by the shaping phase.

perhaps:
divergent ski during initiation
unless narrow stance, edge angles are not equal.

Question 24

Edging: turn shape/speed control outcomes.

Answer 24

Turns move from initiation to finish with very little shaping. The skis maximum angle away from the fall line is perhaps 30 degrees. The turns provided very little speed control.

Finish of turn was truncated. Initiation of the next turn occurred before the skis rotated very far past the fall line. The turns provided very little speed control.

**Turns were an upside down comma shape. Slow rate of turn in the initiation and shaping followed by higher rate of turn in the finish. **

**Turns were “Z” shape. Had an abrupt sharp turn in the finish phases. **

*Rate of turning was quicker below the fall line than above the fall line. Speed control was from a combination of skidding and turning in the finish phase. **

Question 25

Edging: cause and effect

Answer 25

With x body movements the skis are y and turns are … ****Changing edges with inclination requires a large movement to get off the old turn edges in the finish and onto the new edges during initiation and shaping. This causes the turn to build slowly from initiation to shaping. (Also can cause a loss of balance and divergent skis) Speed control occurs at the finish as the skis turn more quickly as the forces of the turn build on the outside ski.**** Sequential (Dorothy): ****Changing edges with inclination requires a large movement to get off the old turn edges in the finish and onto the new edges during initiation and shaping. The sequential edge change further extends the rate of turning in the top half of the turn. Speed control occurs at the finish as the skis turn more quickly as the forces of the turn build on the outside ski. **** Unequal edge angles: ****feet too wide , can’t tip the inside ski as much as the outside ski.**** Unequal edge angles: ****a-frame shins, creates different edge angles**** even with angulation in the body.

Question 26

Edging: prescription for change

Question 27

Foot to foot P: ski observation basic focus/words

Answer 27

outside ski/inside ski bend ... bouncing, controlled, wandering (not wandering)... marks in the snow

Question 28

Foot to foot P: ski observation

Answer 28

Stemming: (outside ski moves away) At finish the outside ski is bending more than the inside. At initiation of the next turn, the skis bend equally. Followed by lifting the inside ski and setting it alongside the outside ski in the shaping phase. Watch closely for inside ski bend in the finish phase. ****Outside ski is bending more than the inside at the finish of the turn (due to forces of the turn rather than where the CM is) but this reverses in the initiation of the next turn. Ski to Ski pressure is more equal in the transition and into the shaping phase**** ****Inside ski is tracking an arc in the initiation phase while outside ski is diverging.**** (I get a loss of balance sometimes because of this) Ideal: outside ski is bending more than the inside ski throughout the turn except briefly at transition.

Question 29

Foot to Foot P body observation focus words

Answer 29

laterally combined leg flexion and extension, subtle lateral upper body movements, sequential

Question 30

Foot to foot P: body observation

Answer 30

Draw an S shaped turn. Discuss flexion and extension of legs. Stem Christie: At the finish of the turn laterally combined leg flexion and extension with subtle upper body movements direct pressure over the outside ski. Initiation of the turn begins by pushing the new outside ski away in a divergent relationship. Weight is briefly transferred to this ski in order to lift and step the inside ski into parallel in the ____ phase. Wedge Christie Ideal: At the finish of the laterally combined leg flexion and extension with subtle upper body movements direct pressure over the outside ski. At initiation the CM is shifted between the skis when the wedge is created. During the shaping phase the pressure is shifted to the outside ski while the CM is more inside. The lateral control of CM is from subtle upper body movements as well as leg flexion/extension. Ideal Parallel: Pressure is controlled from ski to ski and directed toward the outside ski. CM remains inside the path taken by the skis from turn to turn. Inclination: DON'T USE THIS WORD FOR FF At the finish of the turn, the CM is to far inside. Extension movements from the new outside leg move the CM past center and back inside during initiation and shaping phases of the next turn. The CM is back to being to far inside the turn. Ideal: At the finish of the turn pressure is directed over the outside ski by**** laterally combined flexion and extension in the legs****. Weight transfers to the new outside ski during the initiation phase and the CM is shifted toward the apex of the next turn( ***by upper body movement and coordinated flexion/extension movements between the legs***). Legs are most flexed in the shaping phase. When/is the CM shift to outside occurring? Inclined at finish (outside leg too extended in relation to inside)? From inclined finish, over extended new outside leg and CM moves inside. or A-frame/wedge initiation and bringing parallel and inclination at finish.

Question 31

Foot to foot P: cause and effect?

Answer 31

With x body movements the skis are y and turns are … Incline skier: With the CM to far inside at the finish of the turn the skier must move his torso from uphill of his skis to over his skis before the skis can begin to turn. This makes the rate of turning slow in the initiation and shaping and most of the speed control in the finish phase.

Question 32

Foot to foot P : turn shape observations/speed control outcomes.

Answer 32

****Turns move from initiation to finish with very little shaping. The skis maximum angle away from the fall line is perhaps 30 degrees. The turns provided very little speed control.**** Finish of turn was truncated. Initiation of the next turn occurred before the skis rotated very far past the fall line. The turns provided very little speed control. ****Turns were an upside down comma shape. Slow rate of turn in the initiation and shaping followed by higher rate of turn in the finish. **** ****Turns were "Z" shape. Had an abrupt sharp turn in the finish phases. ****

Question 33

Foot to foot: prescription for change.

Question 34

Fore/Aft P: ski observation basic focus/words

Answer 34

Ski bend along its length, snow spray from tails, from length

Question 35

Fore/Aft P: Ski observation

Answer 35

Skis bend from the back bindings to tails in the __________ phase(s) of the turn.

Question 36

Fore/Aft P: Body observation basic focus/words

Answer 36

Open ankles, open hips & spine (hip joint or waist/spine), ankles, knees & waist, flexed in balance, chair pose, bowing,

Question 37

Fore/Aft P: Body observation

Answer 37

Don't forget turn phases. Likely all phases? ****Ankles are too open in relation to the bend in the knees and waist.**** (Think through the upper body bend. Might occur at the hip joint or at the lower spine. Butt out is at hip joint. Lower spine more ideal. ****Open at the hips & waist.**** Head should be in front of the toes. Angle of the shins should be parallel with the spine.

Question 38

Fore-Aft Pressure/Observation

Answer 38

****Skis bend from the back bindings to tails in the __________ phase(s) of the turn. Ankles are too open in relation to the bend in the knees and waist.****

Question 39

Fore/Aft P: turn shape observation, speed control

Answer 39

****Turns were an upside down comma shape. Slow rate of turn in the initiation and shaping followed by higher rate of turn in the finish. **** ****Turns were "Z" shape. Not much turning happening in the initiation and shaping phase and an abrupt sharp turn in the finish phases. **** Turns move from initiation to finish with very little shaping. (Ski angles away from the fall line.) The skis maximum angle away from the fall line is perhaps 30 degrees. The turns provided very little speed control. ****Finish of turn was truncated. Initiation of the next turn occurred before the skis rotated very far past the fall line. The turns provided very little speed control.****

Question 40

Fore/Aft: cause and effect

Answer 40

With x body movements the skis are y and turns are … ****Pivot point for ski rotation is at the back of the skis with an aft stance as well as its more difficult to rotate the legs in the hip sockets causing the turn to build slowly in the initiation and shaping phase. Finish of the turn then is where most of the turn and speed control happens.**** New: When skier is aft in the finish, in order to release the edges they must move forward to start the new turn (typical in the blue zone skier). There becomes a see-saw CM shift along the length of the skis from aft in finish phase to centered or forward in initiation and probably shaping.

Question 41

Rotary as primary skill

Answer 41

Fore/Aft pressure should be the secondary skill

Question 42

Edging as primary skill (Choose this as AM MA session)

Answer 42

Foot to foot pressure should be the secondary skill (so I don't have to do this as primary)

Question 43

Fore/aft pressure as the primary skill

Answer 43

Rotary should be the secondary skill

Question 44

Foot to foot pressure as the primary skill

Answer 44

Edging should be the secondary skill.

Question 45

Foot to Foot P/Observation: christie or stemming work on it

Answer 45

At finish the outside ski is bending more than the inside; the CM is over the outside ski, inside leg more flexed than outside leg. At initiation of the next turn, the skis bend equally; the CM moves intentionally through center by adjusting the flexion/extension relationships between the 2 legs (Or the CM moves abruptly over the new outside ski by extension/flexion moments between the 2 legs in the initiation phase of the new turn followed by picking up the inside foot fitting the shaping phase.

Question 46

Foot to Foot/Observation: inclined work on it

Answer 46

At the finish of the turn the outside ski is bending more than the inside and the CM is inside with inside leg flexed and outside leg fully extended. At the initiation of the next turn, the new outside leg extends moving the CM across the BOS and by the shaping phase is back inside with the inside ski bending more than the outside ski.