Techn1cal RE5CUE #2 Flashcards
p 412- end
What are the simplest form of shoring system and easiest to construct? what do they consist of?-412
- vertical shores
- consist of soleplate, vertical struts, a header, and wedges or metal clamps or jacks
What must be installed for additional support once the struts are securely in place? - 412
diagonal supports or gusset plates
What shores are most often installed to stabilize two opposing walls? what do they consist of? -412
- horizontal shores
- consist of horizontal beams, struts, wall plates, wedges
which type strut or brace may be used to shore weakened window and doorway openings? - 413
vertical or horizontal struts or braces
What type of shores are most often used to brace freestanding walls that are unstable because of deformation or misalignment? - 414
raker shores
consist of wall plate, diagonal post, and soleplate (soleplate nailed to the ground)
At what angle are raker shores the strongest? what angle can they go up to? -414
strongest at 45* angle; can go up to 60* angle
how can they potential mechanical advantage of a lever be calculated? - 416
measure distance between load and the fulcrum and the fulcrum and where the force is applied.
- if force side 3 times longer than load side, lever = 3:1
What are the 3 classifications of levers? - 416
class 1: load on 1 end, force on other, fulcrum in the middle class 2: fulcrum at one end, force at other end, load in the middle class 3: load at one end, fulcrum at other end, force in the middle
What factors should responders consider during the planning of a lift that affect lifting operations? - 417
- influence of friction
- load’s center of gravity
- angle of attachment
- weight of the object
How can you reduce the amount of friction between two objects? -418
reduce the surface are between the two objects
when using a sling, the eye of the sling should be positioned to create an angle between the sling and the load of ______. -418
at least 45*
What actions should always be taken during heavy lifting operations to ensure maximum safety? -418
plan ahead
crib and stabilize often
work as a team
when should a brake system be in place on rollers? -418
before lowering the load onto the rollers
What safety equipment is needed while using powered or non-powered saws? -420
filter masks
goggles or safety glasses
hearing protection
what is the best method for reaching victims in light-frame buildings? -420
making a horizontal entry through existing cavities or through walls
how many floor joists can be cut to make an access hole, provided the joists’ supports appear undamaged. -421
max of 2 adjacent floor joists
when cutting a brick or block wall that may be incorporated into a light-frame structure, an ________ should be employed. -421
inverted triangle pattern
how many studs may be cut in a load bearing wall to permit passage of personnel? -422
no more than 1 stud unless shoring is provided (hole should be as small as needed in load bearing wall)
what is the leading cause of accidental traumatic death? -445
drowning
according to nfpa 1006, surface water rescue operations assume a flow rate of ________. -446
less than 1 knot (approx 1.15mph)
what level rescuers can make direct entry into the surface water environment with the intention to rescue victims? -446
level II rescuers
what should search team members be equipped with? -446
binoculars and have a pre-established method of communications (radio or cell phone)
what is the minimum initial ratio of tenders to rescuers? -447
one rope tender to one rescuer
communications methods for surface water rescue may include: -447
- face to face speaking
- radio and cell phones
- whistles
- hand signals
what are the guidelines for communicating via whistles in a water rescue environment? -448
1 whistle blast = stop/attention
2 whistle blasts = look upstream
3 whistle blasts = look downstream
3 long or repeated whistle blasts = emergency
what are some guidelines for communicating via hand signals in a water rescue environment? -448
- signal distress in water by placing one hand overhead and waving arm back and forth
- signal “OK” in the water by reaching one hand overhead and tapping yourself on the head (makes an O over the shoulder for “OK”)
when does the initial assessment of a surface water incident begin? -450
with a daily evaluation of conditions within the jurisdiction
what should be attached to PFDs and PPE during nighttime operations? -451
lights (to maximize being spotted if you become in trouble)
how far in the water should a level 1 rescuer go? -452
no deeper than necessary to launch or retrieve a watercraft
what swim stroke should rescuers use in the water to minimize their time in the water? -452
fastest swim stroke that they are comfortable with (aim for nearest point of safety)
what are the steps of defensive swimming positions and tactics that will help a level 1 rescuer regain footing? -452
1: while floating downstream, feet in front shoulder level, and headed facing downstream
2: extend arms away from body at 45* angle for steering; aim for shore at a 45* angle from travel path of the current
3: maintain position until current slow or water depth shallow enough that rescuer drags the bottom
what are the steps to avoid entanglement in a strainer? -453
1: identify strainer downstream
2: from defensive to swim headfirst toward strainer w/as much momentum possible
3: pull/push yourself as high on strainer as possible to get up and over it
4: call out “strainer” to warn others and return to defensive swimming technique
what is the first and preferred option for water rescues? -453
reach
what is the second method for a water rescue? -454
throw (floating rope from a throw bag or floatation device with rope attached to conscious victim)
what is a throw bags usefulness limited by? -454
length of the rope and capability of the person throwing it
third option for water rescue - 455
row
when should watercraft operations be implemented? -455
only in support of the IAP
where is the maximum capacity in terms of passengers or weight found in a boat? when should it be exceeded?-457
fixed data plates NEVER exceeded (always calculate victims weight prior to departure to make sure not overloaded)
how long should an engine exhaust fan be operated before starting the engine? _458
operated for at least 4 minutes before starting the engine
what emergency channel is monitored by naval and coast guard personnel? -458
Marine Radio Channel 16
what is the safest way to conduct a controlled approach to a victim? -458
into the wind or waves
what is the use of nets or cables to roll a victim into a watercraft? -459
parbuckling
at what point do you secure a victim to a backboard? -459
NOT until out of the water
4th option at a water rescue that involves a rescuer entering the water. what level rescuer? -461
GO rescues; level II rescuer skill
level I MUST NOT enter water to conduct go rescue
what is risk/frequency of swift water rescues? (473)
high-risk, low-frequency
where should spotters be assigned when a victim is located or level II rescuers are conducting entry operations? -474
upstream to monitor the activity
where and why would spotters be employed downstream? -474
good vantage points (bridges) to watch for victims and help coordinate rescue efforts
how many personnel should be assigned as downstream safeties? where? -475
at least 2 on EACH side of the water
release of public information should be coordinated through who?
IC
what does the special nature of swift water responses necessitate? -476
completion of a PIA
swift water rescues occur in water moving in excess of ____. -476
1 knot (approx 1.15 mph)
what does the calculation of stream flow require?-477
determining the width and average depth at a given point and the water speed to determine the flow rate
what is the study of liquid in motion? -477
hydrodynamic
what increases the speed with which an unprotected victim is incapacitated? -478
decreases in water temperatures
what is the priority of a level 1 rescuer in the water? -478
return to the shore ASAP
when a throw-bag is deployed to a swimmer, how should the rope be held? -478
rope should be held across the chest with head held out of the water until the shoreline is reached.
what is the tactical operations for conducting a rescue in the swift water environment from least risky to most risky? -479
reach, throw, row, and go
where is the first rope system set up that stretches across the stream? -480
downstream of other rescue operations as a safety system in case rescuers fall in the water (rope placed at angle to current to allow rescuer to slide over to shore)
what system is created as a series of loops connected to a horizontal line by carabiners? -480
water curtain system
(deploying fire hose to water bound victim) where should the cap with the disconnect go? -480
remain shoreside
how do you manipulate the travel path of the hose in the water to the victim? -480
twist clockwise and counterclockwise
given the limited reach of a throw bag, where should personnel be deployed on a larger stream? -482
both sides of a larger stream
who should maintain control of the belay line? what should they maintain when the GO swimmer reaches the victim. -483
responders on shore maintain control of the belay line and TENSION when the GO swimmer reaches the victim
What should level 1 rescuers know the location of in the swift water environment in case of accidental entry? -483
know the locations of SAFETY LINES SET-UP
