Tech/Eng Practice Multiple Choice Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is a technology used primarily to reduce CO emissions?
A
catalytic converter
2
Q
Which of the following media sources is most likely to be a valid source of information?
A
professional journal
3
Q
Approximately 3,000 years ago, smelting furnaces that could achieve high temperatures were developed. This new technology was responsible for iron replacing which of the following metals in the industry of the time?
A
bronze
4
Q
In the mid-twentieth century, televisions and radios became smaller and more portable as vacuum tubes were replaced by:
A
transistors (a semi-conductor device with three connections, capable of amplification)
5
Q
The Manhattan Project was a government sponsored research project that would eventually provide the foundation for which of the following technologies?
A
nuclear power
6
Q
Which of the following is an example of reverse engineering?
A
disassembling a device to determine its internal mechanisms
7
Q
In manufacturing and engineering, tolerance refers to:
A
a permissible deviation (allowed variance) from a specification
8
Q
A circular garden has a radius of 12 feet. If the garden is enlarged so that its new radius is 24 feet, by what factor will the garden’s area increase?
A
4
9
Q
A manufacturing company is producing dowels that have a diameter of 8.5 mm +/- 0.1 mm. The hole the diameter must fit into has a diameter of 9.0 mm +/- 0.1 mm. According to these specifications, what is the greatest clearance that can occur between the two parts?
A
0.7 mm
10
Q
A rheostat has a maximum resistance of 3.5 x 10^3 Ω. A second rheostat also has a maximum resistance of 3.5 x 10^ Ω. What is the sum of the two maximum resistances?
A
7,000 Ω
11
Q
What is a rheostat?
A
Rheostat is an adjustable or variable resistor. It is used to control the electrical resistance of a circuit without interrupting the flow of current.
12
Q
What is the product of 2.1 x 10^3 and 5.2 x 10^3 correctly reported using significant figures?
A
1.1 x 10^7
13
Q
The dimensions of copper are as follows: l = 4.5 cm w = 4.5 cm height = 50 cm. Copper has a density of 8.96 g/cubic cm. What is the approximate mass in kilograms of the solid bar of copper?
A
9.1 kg d = m/v
14
Q
Which of the following steps should be taken first in administering first aid to a person who has received a puncture wound while using a drill press?
A
apply direct pressure to the wound
15
Q
Which of the following is an important component of a solution used to clean up a blood spill on a workplace floor?
A
chlorine bleach
16
Q
A design engineer would like to determine the diameter of a circle. He begins by using a straightedge to draw a line tangent to the circle. Which of the following steps would be most appropriate next?
A
Draw a second tangent parallel to the first tangent using a T-square, and then connect the two points of tangency.
17
Q
A jointer would most likely be used to create:
A
fat edges so that two boards may be edge joined
18
Q
Which of the following is an example of an open geothermal pump system?
A
Water from naturally hot springs is circulated past an evaporator coil containing a refrigerant before being released into a nearby body of water
19
Q
Which of the following is commonly used to reduce line pressure in a indutrial gas delivery system?
A
regulator
20
Q
Which of the following types of pumps uses an impeller to push fluid entering at te center of the pump housing into a peripheral canal and exit?
A
centrifugal pump
21
Q
A straight section of a fluid system carrying water is changed to include a 45 degree bend and a downard slope as indiciated in the diagram. This change is most likely to have which of the following effects on the fluid in the system?
A
Resistance to flow will increase
22
Q
A spherical workpiece has a radius of 8.4 inches and a volumes of V cubic inches. A larger spherical version of the sphere has a radius of 25.2 inches. What is the volume of this larger sphere?
A
27.0 V
23
Q
If the scale used to draw the floor plan is 1/2 inch to 1 foot, what should be the length of the dimension labeled X in the floor plan?
A
2.5 inches
24
Q
Which of the following is not shown in the plan?
A
kitchen range
25
A fluid flows from left to right through a tube in a cooling unit that has a constriction as shown in the diagram. Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the relative pressures within the tube?
D
26
The operation of a typical bimetallic-strip thermostat is based on the difference in two metals':
coefficient of friction
27
A rock that has a mass of 64 kg is at the edge of a cliff that has a height of 20 m. If the rock falls from the cliff, what will be its kinetic energy when it strikes the ground below?
12,544 J
**1/2mv^2**
**1/2(64kg)v**
28
On a warm day, the sun warms the surface of a rock face. Birds soar on the warm air rising from the heated rock. Some of the rock's heat is transferred to the soil that is in contact with the rock. As the birds fly over the rockface, they generate metabolic heat. Which of the following provides the best example of energy transfer by radiation?
The sun warms the surface of te rockface
29
A heat pump is most likely to become inefficient in which of the following environmental situations?
The outdoor temperature falls below freezing.
30
Which of the following changes in the design of the electromagnet would be most effective in increasing the mass that the electromagnet can lift?
increasing the number of windings on the bar
31
A transformer has 1.5 × 102 input windings and 4.5 × 102 output windings. What is the transformer's output voltage when 220 V is applied to the input windings?
660 V
32
A simple circuit consists of a lamp, a battery, and two wires as shown in the diagram. A person who wants to use a multimeter to measure the current through the lamp should connect the meter:
between wire X and the negative terminal
33
The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to the square of its diameter. A copper wire of diameter Y has a resistance of 8 Ω. What would be the resistance of a copper wire of diameter 2Y?
2 Ω
34
Which of the following is the end product of the chemical process commonly used in fuel cells?
water
35
Which of the following best describes the characteristic of power in mechanical systems?
the rate at which work is done
36
Which of the following systems allows for the output shaft to rotate faster than the input shaft while rotating in the same direction as the input shaft?
C
37
In this system, the lifting force is increased at the expense of:
B. distance
38
What is the torque, τ, produced by the output pulley when a torque of 195 Nm is applied to the input pulley?
65.0 Nm
39
An adult and a child are balanced on a seesaw as shown in the diagram. What is the weight of the adult?
150 kg
40
State and local building codes are primarily intended to perform which of the following functions?
specifying materials and procedures that should be followed in building projects in order to ensure safety and sound construction
41
What is a riser?
A vertical structure between the treads of a staircase
42
What is a stringer?
A longitudinal structural piece in a framework
43
What are studs?
A large headed piece of metal that pierces and projects from a surface
44
What are joists?
A length of timber or steel supporting part of the structure of a building
45
In the stairs in the diagram, the subfloor transfers loads directly to:
Risers
Stringers
Studs
Joists
Joists
46
A furniture manufacturing company is designing a new wooden dresser. Use of which of the following types of wood would result in the highest shipping costs of finished products?
ebony
47
Which of the following metals has a high compressive strength but very low tensile strength?
cast iron
48
In the bridge design above, which member is in compression?
C
49
Which of the following types of bridges is most appropriate for short spans?
suspension
beam
cantilever
truss
beam
50
What is a cantilever bridge?
a bridge in which each span is constructed from cantilevers built out sideways from piers
51
Which of the following features is an important advantage of slab-on-grade foundations over slab-and-crawl-space foundations?
Construction is less costly and takes less time.
52
In choosing materials for structural members of an aircraft, there is most often a trade-off between which of the following characteristics?
strength and weight
53
In the cantilever above, what type of force is being applied to the wall at point X?
compression
tension
shear
torsion
compression
54
What is compression?
the act of pressing something into a smaller space or putting pressure on it from differentsides until it gets smaller
55
What is tension?
the state of being stretched tight
56
What is shear?
A shear force goes parallel to the surface of an object or material. A shear stress between two objects occurs when a force pulls the object along the same plane as the face of the object abutting another object that is being pulled in the opposite direction
57
What is torsion?
the action of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to the other
58
The weight of which of the following is part of the live load on a building?
accumulated snow
59
The stability of a truss bridge is based primarily on the integrity of:
circles
triangles
squares
cylinders
triangles
60
A person using a wrench to tighten a bolt applies excessive pressure and snaps the bolt. Which of the following types of forces is the primary cause of the failure of the part?
torsion
shear
compression
tension
torsion
61
A winch is being used to raise a beam to an upper floor of a building under construction. The primary force on the winch's cable is:
shear
compression
tension
torsion
tension
62
Rebar in concrete is primarily intended to increase the material's strength in:
compression
curing
torsion
tension
tension
63
A 600 N piece of metal rests on a concrete column. The line from a winch is pulling upward on the column with a force of 25 N. What is the resultant force on the column?
575 N compression
64
Metal fatigue is most likely to result from which of the following types of forces?
tension
compression
shear
bending
bending
65
Placer mining and panning separate ore from surrounding sediments by taking advantage of the ore's:
buoyancy
particle size
density
melting point
density
66
Polymerization is a process used to produce which of the following materials:
ball bearings
textiles
metallic wire
plastics
plastics
67
The increased efficiency that results from assembly-line manufacturing processes is primarily a result of:
a reduction in energy use
a reduction in nonproductive efforts
a decreased need for raw materials
a greater reliance on human inputs
a reduction in nonproductive efforts
68
Which of the following welding processes is used primarily to weld metals such as aluminum and magnesium?
shielded metal arc welding
oxyacetylene welding
gas tungsten arc welding
carbon arc welding
gas tungsten arc welding
69
In preparing petroleum products, cracking is a process used to:
break complex molecules into simpler molecules
remove impurities from crude oil
convert liquid petroleum products into tars and plastics
assay the quality of petroleum
break complex molecules into simpler molecules
70
Which of the following manufacturing processes is most commonly used to create detailed metal parts that require minimal finishing?
sand casting
mold casting
centrifugal casting
die casting
die casting
71
What is forging?
make or shape (a metal object) by heating it in a fire or furnace and beating or hammering it
72
Which of the following manufacturing processes is most appropriate for producing steel I-beams?
forging
casting
extrusion
injection
extrusion
73
What is casting?
an object made by pouring molten metal or other material into a mold
74
What is extrusion?
process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile. A material is pushed through a die of the desired cross-section
75
What is injection?
a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten material into a mould
76
The steel connecting rods for an engine need to be strong and lightweight and have a consistent grain. Which initial manufacturing process would be most appropriate for creating these rods?
A. machining
B. investment casting
C. molding
D. hot forging
hot forging
77
What is investment casting?
a technique for making small, accurate castings in refractory alloys using a mold formed around a pattern of wax or similar material which is then removed by melting
78
What is hot forging?
metalworking process in which metals are plastically deformed above their recrystallization temperature, which allows the material to retain its deformed shape as it cools
79
A company that decides to adopt lean manufacturing techniques will most likely focus primarily on the company's:
A. quality control.
B. resource expenditures.
C. accounts receivable.
D. management structure.
resource expenditures
80
The quality control team for a company that produces camshafts for gasoline engines currently takes one camshaft in every 100 off the production line and subjects it to rigorous testing. The company is considering changing the production process to include sampling one camshaft out of every 75 camshafts. Arguments against this change will most likely focus on which of the following factors?
A. long-term profits
B. production costs
C. sales volume
D. marketing needs
production costs
81
A production line produces electric golf carts and ride-on mowers. For which of the following steps in the company's production lines is robotics most likely to be appropriate?
A. troubleshooting part failures
B. adding custom details
C. spot-welding metal body parts
D. final product inspection
spot-welding metal body parts
(*R**obotic spot welding is used in the manufactoring field. It joins thin metals together when the metals resist the electrical current*)
82
Which of the following correctly defines the relationship between the fields of biomechanics and bioengineering?
A. Bioengineering is a field within the larger field of biomechanics.
B. Biomechanics is a field within the larger field of bioengineering.
C. Bioengineering is related to largescale structures such as limbs and organs while biomechanics is related to individual cells.
D. Biomechanics is related to largescale structures such as limbs and organs while bioengineering is related to individual cells.
Biomechanics is a field within the larger field of bioengineering
83
Which of the following is an example of cloning?
A. artificially cross-pollinating corn plants
B. selectively breeding cattle
C. fertilizing a mammalian egg in vitro
D. propagating (breeding) a plant using cuttings
propagating (breeding) a plant using cuttings
(*A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation*)
84
The Human Genome Project is expected to benefit primarily which of the following areas?
A. biomechanics and bionics
B. trauma response and remediation
C. medical diagnosis and treatment
D. prosthetic manufacturing
medical diagnosis and treatment
## Footnote
**(think of genetic counseling!)**
85
Which of the following is most commonly used as a vector for gene transfer in genetic engineering?
A. insect
B. fungus
C. bacterium
D. virus
virus (viral vectors)
***Gene therapy** utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).*
86
In which of the following situations is a living organism used in food production?
A. emulsification
B. homogenization
C. pasteurization
D. fermentation
fermentation
(the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat--*think of kombucha*!)
87
A small business has several computers and printers that are not networked throughout its office. The business owner is considering installing a local area network (LAN). Which of the following is the most significant benefit of installing a local area network?
A. Software applications with a singleuse license can legally be installed on multiple networked computers.
B. Printers on the network can be accessed from any of the networked computers.
C. The performance of the computers and peripherals on the network will improve.
D. Peripheral devices installed on the network are less likely to experience technical difficulties.
Printers on the network can be accessed from any of the networked computers
88
Which of the following is typically a digital signal?
A. the output from a microphone
B. the input to a sound amplifier
C. the output from a computer's speaker
D. communication between computers
communication between computers
89
Which of the following statements regarding digital and analog sound files is accurate?
A. Digital signals more closely represent natural sound than do analog signals.
B. Digital files can be copied more times without loss of quality than can analog files.
C. Analog files can be transferred electronically whereas digital files cannot.
D. Analog files can be directly stored on a CD.
Digital files can be copied more times without loss of quality than can analog files
**Digital** takes a few “snapshots” of the number line, while **analog** takes the whole line into account. **Digital technology**, the analog wave is sampled at some interval, and then turned into numbers that are stored in the digital device. **Analog technology**, a wave is recorded or used in its original form.
90
Which of the following best explains why electromagnetic waves, but not sound waves, can travel through interstellar space?
A. Sound waves attenuate over distance more easily than electromagnetic waves.
B. Sound waves require a gravitational force in order to propagate.
C. Sound waves have a greater amplitude than electromagnetic waves.
D. Sound waves are dependent on a carrying medium.
Sound waves are dependent on a carrying medium
(*Sound can propagate through a medium such as air, water and solids as longitudinalwaves and also as a transverse wave in solids*)
91
An optical cable has a critical angle of 40 degrees. Which of the following best describes rays of light that strike the internal wall of the cable at angles closer than this to perpendicular?
A. They are scattered.
B. They are partially reflected.
C. They are dispersed.
D. They are totally reflected.
they are partially reflected
92
What is the Doppler effect?
the effect produced by a moving source of waves in which there is an apparent upward shift in frequency for observers towards whom the source is approaching and an apparent downward shift in frequency for observers from whom the source is receding
(think of the bug in the middle of the pond!)
93
Which of the following is the best example of the Doppler effect?
A. An ambulance's siren changes from high pitch to low pitch after passing an observer.
B. An ambulance's siren changes from low pitch to high pitch after passing an observer.
C. An ambulance's siren changes from high amplitude to low amplitude after passing an observer.
D. An ambulance's siren changes from low amplitude to high ampli
An ambulance's siren changes from high pitch to low pitch after passing an observer
94
What is **wave frequency**?
the number of oscillations made by the wave per unit time
**Number of Oscillation**
**f = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Time taken**
or
**1**
**f = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**t**
95
The period of a wave is 30 seconds. What is its approximate frequency?
A. 0.033 Hz
B. 0.50 Hz
C. 33 Hz
D. 50 Hz
The frequency is the quantity obtained when we divide velocity of the wave by its wavelength
1
f = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
30
f = **0.033 Hz**
96
What are high frequency waves?
The high frequency waves are the waves with extremely less wave length. They have a high frequency. Hence they pass through a given point many number of times every second. These are utilized in communication over long distances. Ultrasonic waves and gamma waves are the examples of such waves. Greater the frequency greater would be the pitch.
97
A sound wave having a frequency of 80 Hz interacts with a sound wave having a frequency of 90 Hz. The interaction will produce a beat frequency of:
A. 0.9 Hz.
B. 10 Hz.
C. 85 Hz.
D. 170 Hz.
Beat is a word linked to sound waves. **The beat frequency is not anything but the difference in frequency of two wave.** It is because of the constructive and destructive interferences. When two sound waves of dissimilar frequency approach your ear, the alternating productive and damaging interference causes the sound to be alternatively loud and soft – a phenomenon which is termed as “beating” or producing beats.
90 Hz - 80 Hz = **10 Hz**
98
A sound is traveling through a gas. Which of the following changes would most likely cause an increase in the speed of the sound?
A. reducing the frequency of the sound
B. replacing the gas with a more dense gas
C. raising the temperature of the gas
D. increasing the amplitude of sound
raising the temperature of the gas
(*Molecules at higher temperatures have more energy, thus they can vibrate faster. Since the molecules vibrate faster, soundwaves can travel more quickly*)
99
Which of the following is most likely to cause a refraction of sound waves as they travel across an open outdoor area?
A. rainfall
B. moving air
C. regions of sun and shade
D. temperature differences
temperature differences
100
Which of the following best describes the function of a laser in a laser printer?
A. fusing carbon particles to each other
B. detecting the ink on the original document
C. changing an electrostatic charge
D. heating the paper to a specified temperature
changing an electrostatic charge
101
Which of the following is a primary color for pigment?
A. orange
B. yellow
C. green
D. black
yellow
102
A person places a pencil in a glass of water and notices that the pencil appears to bend at the point of entry into the water. This illusion occurs primarily because:
A. light behaves as either a wave or a particle depending on the medium.
B. some media absorb more light than others.
C. eyes process light differently depending on the medium observed.
D. light travels at different speeds in different media.
light travels at different speeds in different media
103
The lenses of a pair of binoculars perform their basic function primarily as a result of:
A. dispersion.
B. refraction.
C. reflection.
D. diffraction.
refraction
(*Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media.*)
104
What is dispersion?
**Visible light**, also known as **white light**, consists of a collection of component colors. These colors are often observed as light passes through a triangular prism. Upon passage through the prism, the white light is separated into its component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. The separation of visible light into its different colors is know as **dispersion**.
105
What is diffraction?
**Diffraction** is the slight bending of light as it passes around the edge of an object. The amount of bending depends on the relative size of the wavelength of light to the size of the opening. If the opening is much larger than the light's wavelength, the bending will be almost unnoticeable. However, if the two are closer in size or equal, the amount of bending is considerable, and easily seen with the naked eye.
106
Typically, lasers in DVD players operate at a wavelength of about 640 nm. Lasers in CD players typically operate at a wavelength of 780 nm. The reason for the smaller wavelength in DVDs is that the smaller wavelength:
A. results in higher resolution.
B. allows for compact equipment.
C. saves on energy usage.
D. has greater burning power.
results in higher resolution.
107
In fiber-optic telephone systems, messages are transmitted along optical cables as:
A. light pulses.
B. electrical current.
C. changes in wavelength.
D. changes in color.
light pulses
108
A compression gauge is most likely to be used to diagnose a problem in the:
A. ignition coil.
B. crankcase.
C. engine cylinders.
D. fuel system.
engine cylinders
109
Which of the following best describes the primary reason for using multistaging in launching rockets?
A. Lower stages that have become depleted of fuel provide an increase in the efficiency of upper stages.
B. Stages can be recovered and reused after they are jettisoned and fall back to Earth.
C. Total weight is reduced by jettisoning unnecessary empty stages.
D. Stages provide additional thrust as they fall away from the rest of the rocket.
Total weight is reduced by jettisoning unnecessary empty stages.
110
For which of the following types of marine vehicles is lift an important force?
A. barge
B. hydrofoil
C. tanker
D. tug
hydrofoil
111
Which of the following types of motors is most commonly used in automotive starters?
A. AC induction motor
B. AC synchronous motor
C. DC brushed motor
D. DC stepper motor
DC brushed motor
112
The primary motivation for companies using containers in intermodal freight transport is that this system:
A. reduces delivery time.
B. minimizes weight.
C. reduces fuel consumption.
D. minimizes freight handling.
minimizes freight handling
113
A test vehicle uses a parachute to decrease speed at the end of a trial run. This parachute functions by increasing which of the following forces?
A. lift
B. thrust
C. drag
D. gravity
drag
114
Lift
Thurst
Drag
Gravity
115
Safety guidelines recommend that infants be placed in rear-facing car seats rather than front-facing car seats because: A. the seat of the car provides a soft point of impact during a collision.
B. rear-facing car seats better protect the infant's head, neck, and shoulders.
C. the car's seatbelt holds rear-facing car seats in place more securely.
D. infants in rear-facing car seats are less likely to be thrown from a moving car.
rear-facing car seats better protect the infant's head, neck, and shoulders
116
Which of the following is a safety guideline that should be followed regarding the replacement of a motorcycle helmet? A. The helmet should be replaced after it has sustained an impact during an accident.
B. The helmet does not need to be replaced unless visible damage is apparent.
C. The helmet should be replaced every ten years even if it has not been dropped or sustained an impact.
D. The helmet should be replaced whenever the visor is scratched.
The helmet should be replaced after it has sustained an impact during an accident
117
Which of the following statements about air bags is correct? A. Infants should only ride in a front seat with a passenger-side air bag if the infant is in a rear-facing car seat.
B. An adjustable steering wheel should be tilted up to ensure that the airbag points toward the head and neck.
C. An air bag is only effective when a vehicle's occupant is no more than ten inches from the air bag.
D. Air bags are only effective when they are used with a lap/shoulder belt.
Air bags are only effective when they are used with a lap/shoulder belt.
118
In turning a ship, the main advantage of using a bow thruster rather than a rudder is that a bow thruster:
A. does not require forward motion.
B. can make small directional adjustments.
C. does not increase fuel consumption.
D. allows for computerized course adjustments.
does not require a forward motion
119
A torsion bar is part of what system in a car?
A. propulsion
B. suspension
C. guidance
D. control
suspension
120
In automobiles, rack-and-pinion gears are commonly used in which of the following systems?
A. support
B. suspension
C. steering
D. braking
steering
121
Analog NTSC video uses which kind of scanning?
Aliasing
Interlaced
Progressive
Vectorscope
Interlaced
122
A wooden jewerlry box is handmade with dovetailed joints (crisscrossing of joints). Which kind of wood is most appropriate to use while making the box?
cedar
balsa
birch
pine
birch
123
A VU meter is used to monitor the audio of a student television talk show. While announcers are speaking, the signal should be adjusted to which portion of the scale.
Near the bottom
To about one-third
just below the red area
in the red area
to about one-third
speaking voices adjusted about one-third of the way up the scale produce occasional peaks just below the undesirable red area
this is the highest level that can be maintained
124
Which of the following is used to measure the ratio of volts to amps?
degrees
joules (energy)
ohms
watts (amps)
ohms
voltage divided by amperage is equal to ohms of resistance
125
Students are planning to assemble and operate a small gasoline engine. Which safety concern should have the highest priority?
an open fuel tank could release sickening fumes
fingers could be injured if caught in the gears
spilled liquids may cause a short in the starter
the exhaust fumes require adequate ventilation
the exhaust fumes require adequate ventilation
126
A block modeling clay should be stored in a way that minimizes the evaporation of moisture. Which shape is best suited for this purpose?
Cylinder
Flattened
Pyramid
Spehere
Sphere
lowest surface area--minimizing the escape of moisture
moisture evaporates from the surface of an object, so the greater the surgace area the greater the potential for loss or moisture
127
A class activity involves flying model rockets. Which safety mishap is most likely to occur?
Exhaust fumes may cause fires
Ignition may cause electrocution
The rocket body could explode
Noise may cause hearing loss
Exhaust fumes may cause fires
they produce flammable exhaust
128
Which product is likely to include a safety data sheet?
computer
lumber
paint thinner
razor blade
paint thinner
**chemicals are used for a data sheet**
required by law to have appropriate warnings
129
The generation of hydroelectric energy depends primarily on which physical force?
combustion
gravity
heat
radiation
gravity
the turbines must flow downward
130
What is meant by the word fossil in the phrase fossil fuel?
it can be put into storage for a long time
it is an outdated way of generating power
it is the remains of ancient organisms
it occurs in sediments containing fossils
it is the remains of ancient organisms
131
Why is "light sweet crude" the most economically valuable form of petroleum?
it is easily mined
it can be refined efficiently
it produces less pollution as fuel
it yields a high energy fuel
it can be refined efficiently
"light sweet crude" means raw petroleum with relatively few impurities such as sulfur--easier & less costly to refine
132
The length of a shipping container is 3 times the width, while the depth is 1.5 times the width. What is the depth if the length is 226 cm?
113 cm
169.5 cm
452 cm
508.5 cm
113
container length = 3(width)
container depth = 1.5(width)
length = 226 cm
t*he information in the question is stated in terms of width, but width itself is not given. Therefore, the provided actual measurement, length, must be divided by 3 then multipled by 1.5*
133
What causes the filament of an incandescent bulb to turn electrical current into light?
combustion
excitation
oxidation
resistance
resistance
*Current passes through the filament of a conventional electric bulb, metting resistance from the composition of said filament. This resistance provides both heat and light on the non-visible portions of the spectrum, both of which are usually undesirable by products and visible light, the intended product.*
134
Electricity from an array of wind generators pumps water into a dam. As electricity is demanded by users, it is generated by hydroelectric power. Which statement describes the greatest limitation to this system?
consumer demand is limited
little electricity is generated
much pollution is generated
the amount of water is limited
the amount of water is limited
## Footnote
* the question describes a way of saving wind power, generated when the wind is blowing, for use when the wind is insufficient for consumer needs.*
* The limits of the systems are ultimately the amount of water available as well as the capacity of the dam and of natural waterways downstream to accept the outflow without flooding.*
135
Which document is most important for retracing steps taken in previous work?
an engineer logbook
expense account records
a personnel roster
orders from customers
an engineer log book
136
Which design is best suited for a two-dimensional diagram?
architectural plans
circuit board
combustion engine
microwave oven
circuit board
## Footnote
*a circuit board is built on a flat substrate. While it often may contain some overlap of components, the majority of components are aligned on a single two-dimensional plane*
137
Most modern computers operate with which number system?
Base 2
Base 10
Base 12
Base 60
Base 2
[0, 1]
*The vast majority of modern electronic computers are binary. As numerals, this is shown as 0 or 1.*
138
What is the conventional method for turning heat into electricity?
Steam turbine
thermal diode
radiation
transduction
steam turbine
*Thermal heat sources, whether artificially made or taken from natural sources, are usually turned into electrical power by heating water into steam, which rises under pressure to spin a turbine, producing electricity from physical rotation.*
139
"Proper grounding" is a term used in which field of engineering?
aviation
construction
electric
plumbing
electric
*the grounding of excess current into the Earth*
140
Which department of engineering firm would arrange the purchase of building materials?
design
marketing
operations
sales
operations
## Footnote
*Marketing & sales are both concerned with selling products. An operations department is concerned with using or implementing products, so the acquistion of materials is central to its mission.*
141
The results of a stress test yield a bell curve. What is meant by the term standard deviation?
proportion of non-average data
range from least to greatest
most likely result
least likely result
proportion of non-average data
(variance)
***Deviation** means variance from central tendency such as mean, median, or mode. That is results that do not match the results defined in this way. **Standard deviation** is a measure of how many results fit the central tendency versus how many do not and by what margin.*
142
When should high-carbon steel be favored over stainless steel?
when it will come in contact with food
when its necessary to have something that's easy to weld
when its necessary to have something with good resistance
when its necessary to have something that maintains sharpness
when it is necessary to have something that maintains sharpness
## Footnote
*Iron that is alloyed with carbon in the manufacturing process is stronger and retains its shape better than other varieties such as stainless steel. A sharpe blade is an example of this sharp retention.*
143
Which field is most concerned with lightweight materials?
aerospace
agriculture
chemistry
construction
Aerospace
| (flying, duh)
144
Which technology-oriented profession involves the most hands-on labor?
operations
engineering
management
sales
operations
*Operations departments are typically charged with implementing, using, and maintaing the designs and solutions of engineers.*
145
What data from a conventional square grid is graphed on a logarthimic grid, which option describes what may happened?
Curves become lines
Exponenets become powers of one
Lines become curves
Powers of one become exponents
Curves become lines
## Footnote
*Logarithmic or semi-logarthimic grids have, instead of the identical squares found in a conventional Cartesian grid, rows of progrssively compressed rectangles with units to match. The purpose of this arranement is to allow non-linear expressions to be graphed as a straight line, which results in more information to be placed upon a single sheet of paper.*
146
Traffic barriers on public roads are ideally designed to do what?
Absorb impact
Decrease traffic flow
direct traffic flow
resist impact
absorb impact
147
Which department of an engineering firm is responsible for gauging customer needs?
accounting
management
marketing
sales
Marketing
## Footnote
*finds solutions to customer needs*
148
A chart of data from a student experiment displays a S-shaped curve. Which degree of equation could model the data on a graphing program?
y = x
y = x2
y = x3
y = x4
y = x3
*Expressions without exponents (having only powers of one) are said to be linear because they produce straight lines when graphed. A second degree expression (or equation of inequality or function) produces a curved parabola, **while a third degress expression (so named for the highest exponent in any term) produces an S-shaped graph.***
149
Where does the physical reaction that propels a rocket or jet primarily take place?
where the exhaust hits the open air
in the forward area of combustion
in the nozzle where gases escape
in the oxygen delivery system
in the forward area of combustion
## Footnote
*it is the forward portion of the combustion chamber where the high pressure builds, moving the vehicle forward*
150
Thin sheets of wood are layered with the grain alternating to form veneer-core plywood. What is the reason for alternating the grain?
Creative design
Low cost
prevent warping
rot resistance
prevent warping
151
The functioning of hydraulic systems depends on which principle?
liquids cannot be ionized
liquids cannot be compressed
liquids cannot be pressurized
liquids cannot be vaporized
liquids cannot be compressed
## Footnote
*Because liquids cannot be compressed, they convey pressure very effectively. That is, the volume of a liquid body cannot change by mechanical pressure alone*
152
The kerf produced by a saw is mainly determined by which factor?
the angle of the cut
the thickness of the saw
the type of saw used
the type of wood used
the thickness of the saw
## Footnote
*Kerf refers to the gap left by a saw as it moves through the material being cut*
153
Which scale is most appropriate for printed architectural plans showing a house?
1 : 3
1 : 10
1 : 50
1 : 200
1 : 50
## Footnote
*Architectural plans are most commonly printed on aper measuring about 1 square yard. A residential house, measuring perhaps 20 - 60 feet across, would need to be scaled down by the ratio of 1 : 20 to 1 : 100 in order to fit on the paper. **A plan drawn to a scale of 1 : 50 fits within the range.** Scales of 1 : 3 or 1 : 10 might show a small part of the building.*
154
Which material is appropriate for casting?
cloth
resin
stone
wood
resin
**Casting is the process of liquefying a material, usually accomplished by heat, and then pouring the liquid into a mold. As the liquid cools, its turns into a solid which retains the shape of the mold. Essential to the process is a material which can be liquefied.**
*Resin is a term referring to substances traditionally derived from tree sap, but also including synthetic plastics that behave in a similar manner. Cloth and wood would burn rather than melt, most kinds of stones would crack before melting.*
155
Which of the following options is a typical function for a capacitor?
alters voltage level
resists current
stores electrical charge
turns current into light
stores electrical charge
## Footnote
*A capacitor stores an electric charge, often a very low charge, for electronic components and circuits. The purpose of such function is to maintain a constant, regulated charge of current when other components on the ciruit would otherwise cause undesired variance.*
156
Which temperature is most commonly used for soldering?
180 degrees C
320 degrees C
400 degrees C
550 degrees C
180 degrees C
## Footnote
*A solder is melted to a temperature of 90 to 450 degrees C or 200 to 840 degrees F. However, a temperature of 180 - 190 degrees C is the range most typically used. The reason is that the process is usually used to join electrical components or conducting wire. These components would melt or be otherwise damaged if the temperature is too high or alters too rapidly.*
157
Excess current in electronic components may cause what harmful factor?
Cold
Dryness
Heat
Moisture
heat
## Footnote
*excess heat from any source, be it from electrical current or ambient temperature, will damage electronic components*
158
Which condition is most important to help concrete harden properly?
cold
dryness
heat
moisture
moisture
## Footnote
*The concrete (composed of cement powder mixed with water) must dry out, but doing so rapidly results in cracks. An essential step is to continually spray the drying cement with water when ambient moisture is insufficient or even to suspend a reservoir of water above the cement to be drained upon it as needed.*
159
Which saw is appropriate for cutting metal?
chain saw
cold saw
hand saw
rip saw
cold saw
## Footnote
*A cold saw is a circular saw blade designed to transfer the friction-based heat of cutting to the small bits of metal being sawed away, rather than to the piece of metal being sawed or to the saw itself. **Otherwise, the two components become too hot to touch and would experience distortion in size and shape that occur when metal is heated.***
160
Which of the following options is a charactertistics of flash drives?
uses electricity to retain memory
single writing session
spinning disc
solid state components
solid state components
## Footnote
*commonly used to mean any electronic device with no moving parts. This is an advantage help by USB and other solid-state flash memory devices in contrast to disc or tape drives, which move the storage medium over a reader*
161
Pieces of wooden frame for the walls of a house are commonly cut to which degree of accuracy?
0. 005 inch
0. 01 inch
1. 32 inch
1/4 inch
1/4 inch
## Footnote
*The degree of accuracy require for the large scale frame of houses is not very great when compared to most other forms of woodworking. The material is fairly pliable, the lengths involved are large enough to exploit that pliability and the joints themselves are uncomplicated.*
***Therefore, the accuracy needed, about 1/4 inch, is less exacting than most other kinds of construction or craftwork. the options other than 1/4 inch are appropriate for finer woodwork or mechanical parts.***
162
Which choice is a positive characteristics typical of concrete?
good compressive strength
good tensile strength
resistance to cold
resistance to heat
good compressive strength
*The primary building advantage of concrete is its resistance to high pressures, allowing large loads of weight to be rested upon it or anchored by it.*
163
The word carbon in carbon steel refers to what?
alloys
finish
magnetism
reproduction
alloys
## Footnote
*A term carbon steel is a reference both to the presence of carbon as an alloy, as well as to the relative absence of other alloying substances such as copper.*
164
A miter join is most often used for what kind of woodworking?
finished furniture
the frame of a wall
shipping crates
warehouse pallets
finished furniture
*A miter joint involves two diagonally cut pieces of wood joined at an angle of about 45 degrees, linking the pieces themselves at an angle typically of 90 degrees. **The purpose of this joint is primarily aesthetic rather than functional.***
165
Which option is the primary ingredient in drywall?
ash
cement
gysum
paper
Gypsum
## Footnote
*The primary component of drywall sheets is a plaster made of gypsum: refined from calcium sulfrate and mixed with additives, which may include paper fiber and potash or similiar ash-like substances.*
166
The walls of a basement are usually positioned to extend blow what?
airline
frostline
waterline
windline
frostline
## Footnote
*A building made entirely above the frostline, or lowest depth at which ground water typically freezes in cold water, may suffer foundation damage as a result of pressure from expansion and contraction in the surrounding soil as water freezes and unfreezes. **Extending the building below this area prevents such damage and is an important reason.***
167
What is the practical purpose for the glass walls of skyscrapers?
decoration
insulation
privacy
support
insulation
168
Which option is the most common function of a multitester?
heat
light
moisture
resistance
resistance
## Footnote
*a multitester (or multimeter) is a handheld electronic instrument used to test serveral measurements of electrical current and sometimes other physical phenomena. **Most instruments bearing the name are intended to measure voltage, wattage, and resistance.***
169
What is an example of a substrate?
a printed circuit board
an underground pipe
an underwater pump
a varnish or paint
a printed circuit board
## Footnote
*A printed circuit board is an example of a substrate or udnerlying support layer*
170
Which tool is a surveryor's compass that distinguishes between magnetic notch and true north?
theodolite
transit
vernier
wye level
vernier
*The vernier compass was invented to distinguish the magnetic pole of the Earth from the center of the Earth's rotation, the latter being considered true north for the purpose of creating and reading maps.*
171
An industrial standard most likely comes from what source?
a single company or firm
a consumer protection group
international legislation
a professional organization
a professional organization
*An industrial standard is a measure of quality or best practice and is typically established by professional organization or national/state law.*
172
Which option best fits the most prevalent definition of biotechnology?
an alternation of chromosomes
airplane bodies that mimic birds
a new way of sealing wood
developing artifical limbs
an alternation of chromosomes
## Footnote
*The term biotechnology in a broad sense can mean primitive and traditional methods of using planet or animal products, but usually refers to certain innovative applications.*
173
Which classification includes plotter printers?
font
raster
typeface
vector
vector
## Footnote
*Plotter printers draw lines, while most other printing techniques compose images from series of dots. Vector graphics are composed of solid lines; the term can refer to both types of printing*
174
The storage of digital video on a computer takes up more memory than does storage of digital audio. Which ratio best approximates the difference of scale?
10 : 1
200 : 1
1000 : 1
5000 : 1
200 : 1
## Footnote
*the most commonly used ratios are usually in the low hundreds. This practice if founded on the concept that video information inherently contains about two hundred times the information of audio.*
175
Which activity is most likely to be restricted by local safety oridnances?
applying chemical surface treatments
flying combustion-driven model rockets
radio or television transmissions
using outsdoor power tools
flying combustion-drive model rockets
| (fireworks)
176
Which of the following options is an example of industrial biotechnology?
blood plasma substitutes
enzymes used as catalysts
improved seed crops
new cancer treatments
enzymes used as catalysts
## Footnote
*biological catalysts can be harvested from bacterial colonies and other organic sources for the purpose of industrial applications*
177
Which self-contained system is the most energy efficient?
a disel engine
a gasoline engine
an electric engine powered by a diesel generator
an electric enginer powered by a gasoline generator
diesel engine
## Footnote
*The energy savings derived from these systems comes from sources such as energy recovered from braking, powering down whent the vehicle is idling and similar devices. **No mechancial device is 100% efficient, so adding more steps mean more wasted energy.***
178
The sizes of paper for printing are addressed by which standards organization?
American National Standards Institute
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Institute of Nuclear Materials Management
American National Standards Institute
179
Lumber is often sold ina nominal size that is not exactly the same size. Which statement describes the actual dimensions in comparison to the nominal dimensions?
length may be longer, and width and thickness may be longer
length may be longer, while width and thickness may be shorter
length may be shorter and width and thickness may be shorter
length may be shorter, while width and thickness may be longer
length may be longer, while width and thickness may be shorter
*the length is commonly equal to or a little longer than the stated dimension*
180
Which option is a common use for an oscilloscope?
determining mechanical rotations
displaying the wave patterns of a signal
finding small surface defects
viewing the interior of a machine
displaying the wave patterns of a signal
*the oscillations referenced by the term oscilloscope typically mean repeating waves of energy, such as radio signals or similar applications or electricity or light*
181
Powder painting is an industrial method that uses an electrostatic charge. What is the primary reason for using such a charge?
corrosion resistance
demagnetization
easy paint removal
improved adhesion
improved adhesion
## Footnote
*By intentionally creating such a charge during the painting process, adhesion is improved*
182
Some manufactoring processes are conducted in an athmosphere of nitrogen and argon. What is the primary reason for using this mixture instead of ordinary air?
avoiding oxidation
better calcification
moisturization
pressure regulation
avoiding oxidation
183
Plans for a vehicle are drawn to 1:192 scale. If one part of the vehicle measures 3/16 on the plans, what is the measurement of the actual part?
3 inches
6 inches
3 feet
6 feet
3 feet
3 ? 192 = 576 or 576/16
576 ? 16 = 36 inches
36/12 = 3 feet
184
Chemical vapor deposition is a manufactoring process that produces thin films. Which industry most commonly uses this technique?
automotive
motion pictures
furniture
semiconductors
semiconductors
## Footnote
*computer semiconductor chips are composed of thin films over a thin substrate so even without specific familiarity with the process of chemical vapor deposition*
185
One gear in a machine has 25 teeth and turns another gear with 36 teeth. Which option properly expresses the gear ratio?
0. 69 : 1
0. 83 : 1
1. 2 : 1
1. 44 : 1
1.44 : 1
## Footnote
*The pinion, the often smaller gear which transmits power from an engine or other source, becomes the demoniator (if the information is expressed as a fraction)*
186
Epoxy adhesives are supplied in two separate containers that are mixed together before application. What is the primary reason for this step?
the compoind contracts after mixing
the compound expands after mixing
the compound hardens after mixing
the compound softens after mixing
the compound hardens after mixing
## Footnote
*epoxy adhesives are supplied to the consumer in two parts, an adhesive and a hardener for the adhesive. The two portions react chemically when mixed, forming a single durable compound*
187
Biotechnology has produced results such as improved varieties of veggie crops. This is mainly accomplished by which method?
irradiation of harvested crops
monitoring pests by video
transferring genetic material
using specially enriched soils
transferring genetic material
## Footnote
*transference of genes is a major technique for altering the plants*
