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Grade 7 Term 2 exams > tech > Flashcards

tech Flashcards

1
Q

What is technology?

A

Using scientific knowledge and skills to meet people’s needs and wants and developing solutions to problems, usually in the form of products.

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2
Q

Examples of people who
work in Technology are

A

artisans, engineers, surveyors, architects, graphic designers and
scientists.

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3
Q

a short statement that describes a need or problem

A

Design Brief

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4
Q

Design Specifications?

A

details about the product, such as its function and
appearance.

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5
Q

Constraints –

A

things that limit your choices

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6
Q

Evaluation criteria –

A

a set of questions about the design process and product.

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7
Q

What is an engineer?

A

An engineer applies scientific knowledge and mathematics to develop solutions to problems

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8
Q

What is an artisan?

A

Artisan is a worker in a skilled
trade, especially one that
involves making things by
hand.

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9
Q

What is an architect?

A

An Architect is a person
who plans, designs, and
oversees the
construction of buildings.

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10
Q

What is a scientist?

A

A Scientist is a person who
does
scientific research or
solving scientific problems.

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11
Q

What is a graphic designer?

A

A Graphic designer
creates and combines
words, symbols and
images to create a visual
representation of ideas
and messages through
visual art.

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12
Q

What is a land surveying Professional?

A

A land surveying professional
is called a land surveyor. They
determine the threedimensional position of points
and the distances and angles
between them, like
measurements on a road.

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13
Q

There
are five focus areas in the design process.
These steps are:

A

1) Investigate
2) Design
3) Make
4) Evaluate
5) Communicate

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14
Q

What is a Fitness for purpose –

A

a check that is performed
on a product to ensure that it will meet the purpose for which it was designed.

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15
Q

some of the design considerations you should keep in mind when designing
a product or system are

A

Who is it for?
Will it do the job?
What is it for?
Is it cost effective?
Is it easy to use?
Does it look good?
Is it safe?

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16
Q

What is a target group?

A

The people who will use the product or system that is being designed

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17
Q

What are ergonomics?

A

Ergonomics is the study of designing products or systems that best suit fit for the
human body. For example, some people sit for long hours in front of a computer.
Therefore, they will want to sit in an office chair that is as comfortable as possible, but
still suitable for computer work., so the office chair must have rotating wheels or an
adjustable seat, for comfort.

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18
Q

What is Aesthetics?

A

Aesthetics is the study of how pleasing things are to look at.

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19
Q

What do we use graphics for?

A

It’s easier
to explain an idea using a drawing than using words.

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20
Q

dark, continuous lines used as the outline of an object.

A

outlines

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21
Q

thin, feint, continuous lines to construct other lines:

A

Construction lines

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22
Q

What is dimensioning?

A

Adding accurate measurements to a drawing

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23
Q

What are hidden detail lines?

A

dashed lines to show parts of an object

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24
Q

When you dimension a drawing you must follow these rules:

A
  • The three main dimensions in a drawing are the width, depth and height.
  • Dimension lines are continuous, light-coloured lines that are used to show the distance
    between two points.
  • At either side of the dimension lines are arrowheads.
  • The dimensions are written above the dimension line.
  • All measurements are in millimetres (mm).
  • You can also draw two-dimensional (2D) drawings.
  • These show the height and length of a shape or object.
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25
Q

Three-dimensional drawings
have

A

height, length and depth

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26
Q

When you draw an object, no matter how small or big, you need to draw it with the same
proportions as the original object. This is called

A

scale drawing.

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27
Q

When someone sees your scale drawing, they will understand that you have:

A
  • Measured the size of the real object.
  • Reduced the measurements if it is a large object or enlarged them from small objects
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28
Q

We write scale as a

A

ratio

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29
Q

What is an oblique drawing

A

An oblique projection is a way of drawing a 3D object in which the object is drawn with the
front view facing directly towards the observer, showing the true shape of the object. In an
oblique projection, circular features like round holes can be drawn on this front face as true
circles.

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30
Q

In other types of 3 D drawings, circular features must be drawn as

A

ellipses

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31
Q

a set of moving parts that are used to make work easier.

A

Mechanism –

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32
Q

a simple mechanism made of a bar that turns around a fixed point.

A

Lever –

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33
Q

the point of movement or pivot on which the arm of a lever moves

A

Fulcrum –

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34
Q

Mechanisms are not freestanding, but are found within structures. Mechanisms can only
work if

A

one form or another of energy is exerted upon them.

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35
Q

The use of a lever gives one

A

mechanical advantage.

36
Q

The
advantage is determined by t

A

the length of the bar (lever), the position from the fulcrum and
the position from the force and the load.

37
Q

How to work out the mechanical advantage (MA):

A

MA = load ÷ force

38
Q
  • Linkage –
A

two or more levers that are joined.

39
Q
  • Paired link lever –
A

two levers that are joined, and work together.

40
Q
  • Complex linkage –
A

a number of levers joined together.

41
Q

Linkages
are used to:

A
  1. Change the direction of movement;
  2. Change the distance of movement;
  3. Allow parts to move parallel to one another;
  4. Allow two or more items to move at the same time.
    Examples where linkages are used:
42
Q

Who patented and
improved the hole punch in 1885

A

Benjamin Smith

43
Q

a third-class lever cannot give you ____

What does this mean?

A

mechanical advantage.

This means that the force that
you apply is always going to be greater than the load.

44
Q

What are Pneumatics or Pneumatic systems?
Give an example

A

are machines that are compressed air or gas. The air in
pneumatic systems is compressed with a pump. When you push on the handle of a bicycle
pump, for example, you are compressing the air and forcing it into a smaller space.

Compressed air enter the base of a pneumatic cylinder it pushes on the piston and makes
the piston rod extend. Air on the other side of the piston escapes into the atmosphere.
When compressed air enters the rod end of a pneumatic cylinder it makes the rod retract.

45
Q

How do hydraulic systems work?

A

Hydraulic systems use liquids such as oil and water, to work machinery. Liquids are used
because theyare incompressible and can’t be squashed. In a hydraulic system oil replaces
compressed air to transmit motion and force

46
Q

How are pneumatics and hydraulic systems the same as levers?

A

it makes the work easier
for us by multiplying a force.

47
Q

What is the difference between pneumatics and hydraulic systems?

A

hydraulics uses an incompressible liquid (such as oil), while pneumatics uses
compressed air.

48
Q

Pneumatic system is …–

A

a mechanical system that uses compressed air to do tasks
such as make things move.

49
Q
  • Hydraulic system is –
A

a mechanical system that uses liquids under pressure to do
tasks such as make things move.

50
Q
  • Force is –
A

an influence that can move an object, usually a push or pull.

51
Q

What is a structure?

A

something that is built, made or put together in a particular way.
It can be a strong material, it can be stable and strong and can support loads.

52
Q

What purposes do structures serve?

A
  1. They hold or support something. Eg. A Bridge
  2. They span or reach across a distance. Eg. Crane
  3. They protect, enclose or case something. Eg. Wine in a glass or Fish in a fish tank
53
Q

What are natural structures?

A

Natural structures are structures that are not made by people,
e.g. trees, plants and rock formations, e.g. caves, skeletons and bones.

54
Q

What are man-made structures?

A

Man-made structures are structures that are made in workshops and factories
which include everything people make, any object, even the packaging,
e.g. a tent.

55
Q

There are 2 main types of structures
which are the divided into 3 catagories
Name them

A

Natural Structures and Man-made Structures:

A solid Structure
A Shell Structure
A Frame Structure

56
Q

What is a solid structure?

A

A solid structure is dense
with very few or no open
spaces inside it.

57
Q

What is a shell structure?

A

A shell structure is a hollow structure that
can carry a load.

58
Q

What is a frame structure?

A

A frame structure, such as a triangular frame, is very sturdy.
A frame is made by joining separate pieces of material together at joints
and is used to support a load.

59
Q

Which of these structures are natural structures?
a) Trees
b) Clay pots
c) Burglar bars
d) Plants
e) Bottles
f) Skeletons
g) Caves
h) Egg Shells
i) Bridges
j) A Truck and trailer

A

Trees
Plants
Skeletons
Caves
Egg Shells

60
Q

Classify these structures as a solid, shell or frame structure.

Trees
Plants
Skeletons
Caves
Egg Shells

A

Trees - Frame structure
Plants - Frame Structure
Skeleton - Frame Structure
Caves - Shell Structure
Egg Shells - Shell Structure

61
Q

Classify these man-made structures as a solid, shell or frame structure.

Clay pots
Burglar bars
Bottles
Bridges
A Truck and trailer

A

Clay pots - Shell Structure
Burglar Bars - Frame Structure
Bottles - Shell Structure
Bridges - Frame Structure
A truck and Trailer - Frame Structure

62
Q

Why do designers and engineers use triangulation?

A

to stiffen and support frames.

63
Q

What 3 processes do designers and engineers use to change the characteristics of a material?

A

Folding
Triangulation
Tubing

64
Q

Explain what “folding” is.

A

Bending something flexible over onto itself so that one part of it covers the other

65
Q

Explain what “triangulation” means.

A

The technique of building a structure out of triangular shapes
to increase the strength of the structure

66
Q

What is tubing?

A

A piece of tube or a system of tubes rolled up

67
Q

Give an example of how technology can help to save lives.

A

emergency workers use the jaws of life to rescue trapped accident victims

68
Q

What does “Roaming” permit a cellphone user to do?

A

Roaming permits the same phone to be used in various countries,
provided the operators of both countries have a roaming agreement.

69
Q

Give 3 examples of a solid structure.

A

Rock
Brick
The pyramids
Iceberg

70
Q

What forces are always exerted on structures?

A

Either push (compression) or pull (tension) forces

71
Q

Why do structures need to be strengthened?

A

Because there are always either compression or tension forces that are exerted on structures, they need to be strengthened so that they do not fall over.

72
Q

What 3 methods are used for the strengthening of structures?

A

Triangulation
Building Foundations
Centre of Gravity
Reinforcing

73
Q

Why is triangulation used as a method of strengthening structures?

A

The triangle is the only polygon that does not change shape.
When a force is exerted on it, the force spreads over all three sides of the triangle,
so that it remains rigid and stable.

74
Q

Why does building a foundation work as a method of strengthening structures?

A

Gravity and the heavy load of the structure push downwards, the ground pushes back up, and air movements push from the side.
A foundation spreads the load into the surrounding ground material and can help balance the wind force from the sides.

75
Q

What is the centre of gravity of an object?

A

the average location of the weight of an object, where the weight is evenly spread,
i.e., the point of the most downward force.

The centre of gravity in a ball would be the centre of the ball,
whilst the centre of gravity of a person would be higher than their waist, as there is more weight in the top half of the body than the bottom half.

76
Q

Explain why having a structure with the correct centre of gravity is important.

A

The most stable position is to have equal amounts of mass, and force, on each side of the centre of a structure.
A structure with a central centre of gravity is more stable than one with its centre of gravity to one side.

A structure with a large base is more stable than one with a smaller base.
Taller structures should have wider bases. If the base or bottom of a structure is wider than the rest of the structure, then the structure will not easily fall over, because the centre of gravity will not move from the base.

So when most of the weight of a structure is in its lowest point, it has a low centre of gravity
and when most of the weight is higher up, it has a high centre of gravity.

A structure with a low centre of gravity is more stable and this is why many structures are built with a strong, heavy base at the bottom.

77
Q

Is a structure with higher or lower centre of gravity more stable

A

A structure with a lower centre of gravity is more stable.

78
Q

What is used to reinforce a structure?

A

Struts and Beams

79
Q

|What are beams used for?

A

Beams are used to withstand a load without bending

80
Q

What is a strut?

A

A strut is an element of a structure that can resist a force pushing down on it,
i.e., compression.

81
Q

What is the purpose of a tie?

A

It has a tensile force acting on it and therefore can resist a pulling force.
Using cables that are fastened to the ground can help to prevent a structure
from falling down.

82
Q

What is a membrane?

A

a structural element, which covers a structure,
for example, your skin, or the canvas of a tent.

83
Q

Why are corrugated roofs pleated?

A

To increase its stiffness of the iron sheet

84
Q

tubing can withstand….

A

compression

85
Q

What is the difference between a land line and a cell phone?

A

A landline transmits what a caller is saying in one location to another person in a different location via underground and surface cables with many joints and connections between the cables.

A cell phone transmits voices and data through radio waves to relay towers.
A good signal and connection for communication depend on the distance to the nearest relay tower. Poor weather conditions can affect the signal quality

86
Q

What requirements does a cell phone tower structure need to have?

A

it has to withstand weather conditions and not collapse.

87
Q

Why are cell phone towers often disguised as trees?

A

‘visual pollution’ occurs when ugly structures are built that ruin the landscape.

Grade 7 Term 2 exams (13 decks)

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