Teaching Courses: Methods and Modalities Flashcards
Methods and Modities
While teaching is indeed an interactive process, it is the teacher who is responsible for shaping the student-teacher relationship in a way that will enable the student to learn.
Intellectual excitement
Effective teaching must create Intellectual excitement and establish interpersonal rapport (Lowman, 1995).
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Conveying knowledge to others requires developing a new level of command of the content.
Modes of teaching
Different modes of teaching tend to be best for learning different things and for different parts of the learning process (Friedman, 2008)
Teaching philosophy
A teaching philosophy reflects the teachers view of how students learn best, the most important goals for student learning, the most desirable or important classroom, climate for learning, ethical principles, and teaching, and teachers roles and behaviors
Contextual influences
Another major influence on teaching is organizational context. Colleges and universities diverge in their missions in the importance, that they place on research, teaching, and service.
Lecturing and explaining
Lecturing is still the most common teaching method employed in higher education today (Bligh, 2000).
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Research suggest that how material is organized and delivered can make a big difference in the formation that listeners retain and in how they rate their satisfaction with the teaching.
Most of all, a lecture’s effectiveness seems to depend on the overall framework that the lecturer provides for its content.
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Nothing reaches long-term memory until it is noticed, enter short term, memory, and then is mentally filtered further, an active process
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All the suggestions listed for lecturing in this chapter are designed to enhance the cognitive processes, in addition to making the framework for the class, or lecture clear at the outset, these include:
Varying your delivery
Encouraging students to take notes
Not writing out the lecture
Using visual aides
Stimulating, thinking, rather than emphasizing facts and conclusions
Asking questions instead of making statements
Not trying to cover too much.
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Leading a discussion
When leading a discussion, teachers should draw out the participants and move towards the main learning goals for the class
Just as students critical thinking requires creativity- making and remaking ideas and perspectives- sodas, leading a discussion
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A skilled discussion leader, answers students’ questions and response to what they say in ways that guides the conversation productively.
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The following principles help me, classroom, discussion, productive, and effective (Davis, 1993):
Set some ground rules for classroom interactions at the beginning of the course
Pose specific questions or problems to shape the discussion
Show respect for all students and their contributions, even if need to be reinterpreted.
Consider how active you should be, as the discussion leader
Consider using small groups for discussion
Anticipate the kind of problems that can occur in classroom discussion and plan strategies for handling them
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There is no right answer to whether or not to call on individual students or to rely on volunteers, particularly in the view of overall culture in, practices in the apartment or school. The point is for each teacher to choose a strategy with some awareness of his risk and benefits.
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A discussion leader must decide how much to allow the conversation to flow on its own, and how much to intervene to shape it. You might consider letting students respond to one another rather than answering every question or comment yourself.
Although a common problem is that many professors are often too active, which could prohibit some students from engaging in the conversation freely.