Teachers and Leadership

Question 1

Goldhaber (2002) “the Mystery of Good Teaching”

Answer 1

•Coleman report says that student performance is only weakly related to school quality, student SES has a much larger impact. Goldhaber calculated 8.5 percent of variation in student achievement is due to teacher characteristics and 60% is explained by individual and family background characteristics. Teacher quality measured by certification, years of experience and education is only weakly related to student outcomes.

Question 2

Goe (2008)

Answer 2

Measuring teacher effectiveness using VA models is problematic: teachers are not solely responsible for student learning and tests leave out the value of socialization and personal development. Goe proposes a more nuanced view of teacher effectiveness (high expectations, contribute to academic achievement, collaborate with others etc.)

Question 3

Goe (2008) VA model

Answer 3

Pro: provide method for evaluating teacher contribution to students’ learning, requires no classroom visits, little burden on schools, can identify outstanding teachers to act as mentors.

Question 4

Goe (2008) Observation model

Answer 4

Pro: provides rich information about classroom behavior and activities, generally considered fair and direct, can provide feedback to teacher. Con: observers must be trained and have inter-rater reliability, time-consuming, not a strong link between ratings and student achievement

Question 5

Toor (2011)

Answer 5

Leadership pursues change while management maintains order. Leader exercises personal power while management has structural and hierarchical power. Leadership empowers people and management imposes authority.

Question 6

Chemers (2000)

Answer 6

Early study of leadership was a confusing set of contradictory findings. Leadership-social influence to have people accomplish a shared task. Early focus on traits of leaders (1940’s and 1950’s)

Question 7

Van Seters & Field (1990)

Answer 7

• Scientific research on leadership did not begin until 20th century. Overview of leadership theory history.

Question 8

Onorato (2013)

Answer 8

Transformational leadership. Defined in 1978 by Burns. Leadership for change that challenges status quo, inspires others, encourages continuous learning and elevates followers to higher-level goals

Question 9

Ringleb & Rock (2008)

Answer 9

Neuroleadership focuses on how individuals in a social environment make decisions and solve problems. Discusses four key areas: emotion regulation, decision making, collaboration and managing change

Question 10

Lafferty & Alford

Answer 10

Detailed discussion of neuroleadership and contribution to understanding of decision making, emotion regulation, collaboration and managing change

Question 11

Pauliene (2012)

Answer 11

Transformation leadership can be applied to other setting/cultures. Most leadership theories are grounded in western culture.

Question 12

Thiel et al. (2012)

Answer 12

A model of ethical decision making that is grounded in “sense-making” Leaders may make ethical mistakes because of inadequately making sense of problem

Question 13

Vroom (2003)

Answer 13

A model of how much to involve outside participants in a decision process. Depends on factors: significance of the decision, importance of commitment from others, leader expertise, group expertise and time constraints.

Question 14

Eyal (2011)

Answer 14

Experiment found that transformational leadership predicts more autonomous motivation among teachers and lead to less burn-out.

Question 15

Rock & Cox (2012)

Answer 15

SCARF model:five domains of experience that are highly linked to the threat and reward parts of the brain. Helps people to label and re-appraise emotions.