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Immune week 6 > TCR > Flashcards

TCR Flashcards

1
Q

TCR is made of two chains of either….. or ……..that are generated from …….

A

ALPHA/BETA or GAMMA/DELTA (for gamma/delta T cells)

GENE REARRANGEMENT

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2
Q

Generator of Diversity

A

rearaangement of somatic genome and generation of VAST number of randomly generated TCR

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3
Q

TCR rearrangement is developmentally….and occurs in a sequential process w/in the….

A

CONTROLLED

THYMUS

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4
Q

TCR rearrangement and maturation of the naive T cells (who are still naive when they leave) occur in the ….

A

Thymus

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5
Q

naive T cells that leave the thymus and into the lymph nodes are cells with TCR that

A

1) able to recognize self-MHC

2) LOW- AFFINITY for SELF- antigens

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6
Q
  • T/F Not all self antigens are expressed in thymus
A

True

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7
Q
  • T cells with low affinities for self antigens do survive and migrate to the lymph nodes
A

True

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8
Q

*Drugs and genetics can cause failures in the thymic selection, allowing high affinity autoreactive T cell to enter circulation.

A

True

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9
Q

in H-2M deficient animals, ……is not removed and other peptides don’t bind for the APC cells. T cells specific for self peptides aren’t deleted because they haven’t interact with the APC cells which were absent for self antigens.

A

CLIP,

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10
Q

T cells of H-2M deficient make a…..reaction to self peptides presented by normal uninfected APCs

A

STRONG

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11
Q

MHC I that reaches the cell surface can be loaded with ……

A

either pathogen or self peptides, because protein translation machinery of infected cells synthesize BOTH pathogen and self proteins

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12
Q

what leads to a ….. conformational change in……that will increase the affinity of the T cell and APC cell interactioin and prolongs cell to cell contact

A

binding of TCR receptor leads to a conform. change in LFA-1

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13
Q

T cell initially bind APC through its……with the……on the APC

A

LFA-1 on T cell

ICAM-1 on APC

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14
Q

First T cell binds to the APC via its……then it binds its…..to its MHC II

A

LFA-1 to APC”s ICAM-1 and then binds its TCR to MHC II

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15
Q

T cell bind APC via LFA-1:ICAM-1 low affinity

TCR binds to MHC II

this signals LFA-1 to go thru conform. change

LFA-1 increases affinity & prolongs cell-cell contact

A

Read this slide

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16
Q

When MHC and TCR binds leads to…

A

reorganization on the plasma membranes and cytoskeletons of both the APC and T cell which allows the 2 cells to communicate

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17
Q

CD8 and CD4 respectively stabilizes the MHC:Antigen:TCR complex

A

just read this

18
Q

Co stimulation of TCR alone w/out the TCR:MHC results in

A

no effect on the cell

19
Q

Specific signal with MHC:TCR alone w/out co-stimulatory signal results

A

PERMANENT inactivation of T cell, turned of PEMEANENTLY (ANERGIZED) and cannot be reactivated

20
Q

If T cells receive co-stimualtion (along with MHC:TCR) they are…..

A

activated to differentiate into effector cells…

21
Q

If T cells has MCH:TCR but fails to receive co-stimulation…..

A

PERMENANTLY inactivated

22
Q

Where does co-stimulation come from?

A

APC

23
Q

What causes APC to express co-stimulatory molecules?

A

PAMPs

24
Q

co-stimulatory molecules is …… and co stimulatory receptor is…..

A

co-stimulatory molecule B7 is on mature APC

co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is on T cell

25
Q

B7

A

co-stimulatory molecule on APC

26
Q

CD28

A

co-stimulatory receptor on T cell that interacts with B7 on APC

27
Q

Why do we have anergy, and turning of T cells when they don’t receive a second co-stimulatory signal besides binding to its TCR to MHC?

A

Permanently Turning off TCR w/out co-stimulation from cells its binding can turn off

T cells that recognize self-proteins expressed on MHC

APC normally express SELF PROTEINS on their MHC just from CLEANING UP NORMAL CELL DEBRI

28
Q

APC do NOT know self vs non self, so can also express

A

Self antigens on MHC

29
Q

Predict the outcomes

1) when APC captures NONbacterial or own cells debri
2) when APC capture pathogens
3) when APC captures both pathogens and Nonbacterial/Self Debri

A

1) APC capturing only nonbacterial/self debri

> self protein presented on MHC II
co-stimulatory molecule is not expressed

> T cell is permanently inactivated

2) APC capture pathogen only

> pathogen peptide expressed on MHC II
costimulatory molecule is expressed

> T cell is activated, and
proliferates
differentiates to become a T cell specific for that pathogen

3) APC takes in both self and bacteria

> bacteria causes APC to present co-stimulatory molecule
self protein is presented in MHC II

> APC meets a T cell that recognizes self antigen

> Proliferation and differentiation into a T cell specific for that self protein

30
Q

3 steps to T cell differentiation

A

1) APC presents antigen on its MHC II for T cells to SEE
2) co-stimulatory molecule is given/not given to activate/anergize (turn off) the T cell
3) Molecules like cytokines are secreted by APC to help T cell differentiate into a cell that specific for the current pathogen

31
Q

How to get the right signal 3 to combat a specific pathogen?

A

DIFFERENT PAMP/DAMP RECEPTORS

Different PAMP and DAMP receptors promote expression of specific cytokines and co-stimulatory factors most likely to generate an effect immune response need to that specific pathogen

32
Q

Amount and type of co-stimulation required is….

A

stage specific

Antigen-experienced (and memory) T cells need less co-stimulation than naive T cells for reactivation

33
Q

1) APC/DC/Macrophage encounters antigen in the tissue they reside in
2) APC cells develop specific receptor that takes them to the LN
3) there they meet the lymphocyte that need to talk to stimulate adaptive immunity

A

just read this

34
Q

1) immature DC in epidermis
2) DC lost adhesiveness
3) travels to LN via afferent lymphatic vessels
4) DC presents antigen to naive T cell

A

just read this

35
Q

1) immature DC are activated by PAMPs
2) TLR signaling induces CCR7 expression on DC
3) CCR7 tells DC to migrate to lymphoid tissues and augments co-stimulatory molecule expression and also MHC molecules

A

just read this

36
Q

Activated T cell proliferate generating both……

A

memory cells and effector cells

37
Q

even when activated, T cells still need MHC to see the antigen, so when they’re in infected tissues active T cells are looking for….

A

their specific MHC loaded with their specific antigen

38
Q

innate drives…..which drives innate

A

ADAPTIVE

39
Q

The light chain of ig VDJ recombination is similar to TCR’s ……..recombination

A

alpha chain recombination in that it’s just V and J

40
Q

The heavy chain of ig VDJ recombination is similar to TCR’s heavy recombination…….

A

beta chain recombination in that its just V, D, and J

Immune week 6 (8 decks)

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