TCP/IP model Flashcards
Protocols and Applications of Application Layer
Telnet, HTTPS, SSH, NTP, FTP, DNS, TFTP, DHCP/BootP, SNMP, APIPA, HTTP
What is Telnet
Telephone Network: Be able to run programs on another device
What is SSH
Secure Shell: Same as Telnet but it is encrypted where Telnet is in clear text
What is FTP
File Transfer Protocol: Sends and receive files using TCP
What is TFTP
Trivial FTP and it uses UDP.
What is SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol: Allows us to monitor our network. Uses something called a Network Management Station to gather information about network hosts
What is HTTP and HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Secure): Allows us to view webpages
What is NTP
Network Time Protocol: Allows us to keep the time synchronized through out our network
What is DNS
Domain Name Services: Allows us to resolve human names to IP addresses
What is DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: Allows us to receive IP information on a host. Also assigns automatic IP addresses.
What is APIPA
Automatic Private IP Addressing: Created by Microsoft. Give us link local address. If device cant get dhcp and no static address is assigned, device will assign itself a 169254 address and thats owned by microsoft.
What does the TCP header have
Source and Destination port (16 bits each)
Sequence and Acknowledgement number (32 bits each)
Header, Reserved, Flags (4 bits each)
Window size/flow control (16 bits)
TCP Checksum (16 bit)
Urgent pointer(16 bit)
What does UDP header have
Source Port, Destination Port, UDP length, UDP checksum (All 16 bit each). Data (32 bit)
When should TCP be used
Email, File Sharing, Downloading, SSH, Telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, DNS
When should UDP be used
Voice and Video Streaming, DNS, TFTP, SNMP
FTP Port number
21
SSH Port Number
22
Telnet Port Number
23
HTTP Port Number
80
HTTPS Port Number
443
DNS Port Number
53
TFTP Port Number
69
SNMP Port Number
161
How many bits are in IPv4 Address
32 bits
Class A range
0-127.
First Bit in First Octet is 0.
0 is reserved for Cisco
127 is reserved for loopback
Class B range
128-191.
First 2 bits in the first octet must be 10
Class C range
192-223.
First Three bits must be 110
Private IPv4 Addresses
Class A -> 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B -> 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C -> 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
