TCP 5-7 Flashcards
Who facilitated the imposition of military rule and the puppet republic?
A readily available group of collaborating officials
What two issues of collaboration are discussed in the text?
Service to the Japanese aggressors and subservience to the other imperialist power (Americans)
What political group primarily occupied positions of power under the Americans and later the Japanese?
The political oligarchy
What made it relatively easy for the existing leadership to adapt to a new colonial master?
A collaborationist tradition
What percentage of pre-war senators collaborated with the Japanese?
Fourteen out of twenty-four senators
What Philippine Revolution General chose self-exile in Japan rather than take an oath to the US?
Artemio Ricarte
Name one prominent pro-Japanese Filipino besides Artemio Ricarte.
Pio Duran or Aurelio Alvero
What were two primary motivations for figures like Ricarte and Villafuerte to collaborate?
Continuation of their struggle against the Americans and personal ambition/political naivete
What was the prevailing view of the majority of prominent collaborators regarding the Americans?
That the United States would return sooner or later
What justification for their actions did many collaborators offer after the war, related to instructions received?
They pointed to instructions from Quezon and MacArthur authorizing them to collaborate
What was MacArthur’s key injunction to those left behind regarding cooperation with the Japanese?
You have to do what they ask you to do - except one thing – the taking of an oath of allegiance to Japan
What was the first defense offered by important national leaders for their collaboration after the war?
That they had merely obeyed orders to mediate between the invaders and the population
What was the second defense offered by collaborators for accepting high office?
That their acceptance of high office had given them the opportunity to mitigate the harshness of the occupation
What was the third defense offered by collaborators regarding their loyalty?
That at heart they had remained loyal to the United States
What became a mode of life and habit of mind for the political leadership?
Collaboration
What did Premier Hideki Tojo announce on January 22, 1942, providing a cue for Filipino leaders?
That the Japanese intended to grant independence to the Philippines as long as it cooperates
Name one prominent Commonwealth official who signed the letter of response to the Japanese commander-in-chief.
Jorge B. Vargas, Jose Yulo, Quintin Paredes, Jose P. Laurel, or Benigno S. Aquino (or any name from)
What was the principal defense of collaborators for their actions, framed as a patriotic duty?
That they collaborated so they could interpose themselves between the people and the Japanese and minimize hardships
Besides political collaboration, what other types of collaborators are mentioned?
Economic and cultural collaborators
What cultural aspect did some writers propagate through collaboration with the Japanese?
Literature in the national language
What was the main line of defense for collaborators?
They were motivated by patriotism and a sense of duty
What psychological factor influenced the decisions of collaborators besides patriotism?
Fear
Who was the Chief Justice executed by the Japanese despite representations?
Jose Abad Santos
What became a double life for people at the mass level during the occupation?
Carrying out the orders of the Japanese army while maintaining internal resistance or pretense
