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KAS > American CH 16-17, Ch1 > Flashcards

American CH 16-17, Ch1 Flashcards

2
Q

What process involved the re-creation of Philippine society in the image of its conqueror?

A

DeFilipinization

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3
Q

What was the principal agent of Americanization and a key instrument of pacification and assimilation established by Act No. 74?

A

Public school system

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4
Q

What language was adopted as the medium of instruction and facilitated assimilation/Americanization?

A

English language

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5
Q

What legislative act, passed on January 21, 1901, established the public school system in the Philippines?

A

Act No. 74

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6
Q

What program, instituted in 1903, sent young Filipinos for training in the United States?

A

Pensionado program

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7
Q

What deeply ingrained beliefs included ideas like America being the land of opportunity?

A

Myths of Colonialism

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8
Q

What was the fundamental motive for colonization that miseducation could not conceal?

A

Economic exploitation

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9
Q

What policy directed at the elite was a principal objective of early American administrators?

A

Policy of attraction

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10
Q

What policy regarding the governmental bureaucracy was presented as training Filipinos in self-government?

A

Filipinization

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11
Q

Who was the American governor who noted that Filipinization ‘charmed the rifle out of the hands of the insurgent’?

A

Governor Smith

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12
Q

What practice ensured the retention of political power by the elite of each locality?

A

Restriction of suffrage

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13
Q

What body was established on the national level and became a debating society for pro-independence rhetoric?

A

Philippine Assembly

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14
Q

What U.S. legislative act promised the establishment of the Philippine Assembly?

A

Cooper Act of 1902

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15
Q

Who were described as the ‘Filipino people of the better class’ and hailed the promise of the Philippine Assembly?

A

Ilustrados

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16
Q

What system in colonial politics involved granting politicians’ personal requests in exchange for legislative approval?

A

Patronage

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17
Q

What U.S. bill provided for free trade between the United States and the Philippines upon the expiration of the Treaty of Paris provisions?

A

Payne Aldrich bill

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18
Q

Who was a prominent Filipino politician involved in a long-standing political rivalry with Sergio Osmeña?

A

Manuel L. Quezon

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19
Q

What refers to the notable difference between public demands for immediate independence and private opinions fearing it?

A

Disparity (public stance vs. private opinion)

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20
Q

Who was the American governor-general known for retrieving the prerogatives of his office and strictly interpreting the Jones Law?

A

Governor-General Leonard Wood

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21
Q

What political tactic did Quezon use in the 1923 elections to tap into the latent hostility toward American rule?

A

Anti-Americanism in 1923 (as an election issue)

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22
Q

Who was a Filipino lawyer and politician that criticized the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act?

A

Claro M. Recto

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23
Q

What was a compromise measure regarding Philippine independence that contained objectionable features?

A

Fairfield Bill

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24
Q

What practice, criticized by Recto, involved senators accommodating each other’s political proteges?

A

“Courtesy of the Senate”

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25
Q

What US legislative act provided for Philippine independence after a 10-year Commonwealth period?

A

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

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26
What act was accepted after the Philippine Legislature rejected the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act and mandated the establishment of the Commonwealth?
Tydings-McDuffie Act
27
What entity was inaugurated on November 15, 1935, representing the transition of the Philippines from a colony to a neo-colony?
Philippine Commonwealth
28
What state of mind was instilled by decades of American occupation and colonial education?
Colonial mentality
29
What intense national feeling was gradually dissipated by the American colonization process?
Nationalism
30
What mass uprising against Spanish colonialism represented a temporary union of elite and mass interests?
Philippine Revolution of 1896
31
What attitude did many members of the Filipino elite display when faced with American aggression?
Capitulationist tendencies
32
What massive campaign aimed to dissolve the unity of national identity and revolutionary consciousness?
Miseducation (as a colonial technique)
33
What characteristics common to uprisings against American rule included religious fanaticism?
Mystical and millenary characteristics (of uprisings)
34
What popular movement from the 1930s expressed awareness of the link between poverty and the colonial economy?
Sakdal movement
35
Who was the leader of the Sakdal movement and led the Sakdalista revolt in 1935?
Benigno Ramos
36
What did Sakdalistas identify as the root cause of the people's poverty?
American stranglehold (on the Philippine economy)
37
What event, led by the Sakdalistas in May 1935, demonstrated the depth of peasant unrest?
Sakdalista revolt
38
What organizations saw unionism as a means to improve workers' lives and were used for nationalist propaganda?
Early labor unions (e.g., U.O.D.)
39
Who was an ilustrado labor leader that aimed for an 'alliance of labor and capital'?
Isabelo de los Reyes
40
What was the first federation of smaller unions led first by Isabelo de los Reyes?
Union Obrera Democrata (U.O.D.)
41
Who was the leader of the U.O.D. after Isabelo de los Reyes and known for increasing its membership significantly?
Dr. Dominador Gomez
42
What attempt to unify the labor movement approved demands for an 8-hour day and later split between conservative and radical elements?
Congress Obrero de Filipinas (C.O.F.)
43
Who was an organizer of the C.O.F. and became radicalized after observing the independence mission in Washington?
Crisanto Evangelista
44
What organization was launched by Crisanto Evangelista and his followers in 1929/1930?
Katipunan ng mga Anak-Pawis ng Pilipinas (K.A.P.)
45
What radical political party affiliated with the Comintern was launched in 1930 by the K.A.P.?
Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)
46
Who was a peasant leader that formed the Union de Aparceros de Filipinas?
Jacinto Manahan
47
What was the largest and most militant peasant organization formed by radical peasant leaders?
Pambansang Kaisahan ng mga Magbubukid (PKM) / National Peasants' Union
48
What global economic event starting in 1929 brought hardship for peasants and urban workers in the Philippines?
The 1929 Crash / Great Depression
49
Who was a leader from the landed class who founded the Socialist Party and devoted his life to the cause of peasants?
Pedro Abad Santos
50
What party, founded in 1929, merged with the Communist Party and worked for the peasant cause?
Socialist Party
51
What program, launched by President Quezon, was intended to placate peasants while reassuring landowners?
Social Justice Program
52
Who were the landowners that opposed social justice legislation, claiming it fostered communism?
Hacenderos
53
What term was projected by Filipino Falangistas to justify demands for stronger suppression measures against labor organizations?
"Red menace"
54
What term refers to landowners who opposed social justice legislation, claiming it fostered communism?
Hacenderos
55
What term was used by Filipino Falangistas to justify stronger suppression measures against labor organizations?
"Red menace"
56
What policy did Left organizations pursue to forge unity with other sectors?
United front policy
57
What coalition resulted from the Left's united front policy?
Popular Front
58
What term did Quezon use in 1940 for his idea of a one-party government?
Partyless democracy
59
What struggle did Left groups join on the eve of war against the Axis powers?
Anti-fascist fight
60
Who was the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Philippines at the Anti-Hitlerism Rally?
Guillermo Capadocia
61
What is the title of the book by Renato and Letizia R. Constantino discussing the persistence of colonial relations?
The Continuing Past
62
Who is the author of *The Continuing Past* and *A Past Revisited*?
Renato Constantino
63
What analytical framework articulated by Renato Constantino is essential for understanding Philippine society?
Nationalist thesis
64
What process in *The Continuing Past* involves re-evaluating historical figures from the people's viewpoint?
Demythologizing history
65
What was Renato Constantino's previous volume that showed manipulation by colonialists?
A Past Revisited
66
What term describes the contemporary stage for politically dependent countries after colonial rule?
Neocolonialism
67
What concept refers to the ideal state of a Filipino overcoming colonial consciousness?
Decolonized Filipino
68
What section in *The Continuing Past* discusses the impact of American occupation on Philippine society?
Chapter I: On the Eve of War
69
What did *The Continuing Past* say about the revolutionary consciousness leading to the Philippine Revolution?
Local revolts
70
What group emerged as a political product of Spanish colonialism but became an impediment to nationhood?
Native elite
71
What was described as a temporary union of elite interests and mass demands?
The Revolution (as an amalgam)
72
What colonial power's techniques produced a society that accepted claims of altruism?
American imperialism
73
What issues did the anti-Spanish struggle focus on, according to *The Continuing Past*?
Personal abuses and denial of political/civil rights (under Spain)
74
What served as a vehicle for the political education of Filipinos as colonial citizens?
Colonial politics
75
What policies led Filipinos to expect independence as a gift from the US?
Gradualist policies
76
What tradition remained embedded despite the erosion of consciousness?
Mass memory
77
What was the principal preoccupation of the masses regarding their economic demands?
Exploitation by landlords
78
Who were the principal local beneficiaries of colonial rule?
Filipino landowners
79
To which country was the Philippine economy tied on the eve of political independence?
United States
80
What policies developed an economy based on agricultural exports to the US?
American economic policies
81
In which sectors was Filipino capital predominantly invested just before the war?
Agriculture and trade
82
How did Filipinos perceive unfolding world events according to *The Continuing Past*?
Unfolding world events / Fascist aggressions
83
What caused apprehension among Filipinos on the eve of war?
Japan
84
What gave most Filipinos a false sense of security on the eve of war?
United States
85
Which two countries' alliance led to the organization of united fronts by communist parties worldwide?
United States and the USSR
86
What did Filipino Communist Party leaders strive to establish with various sectors of society?
Anti-fascist united front
87
What region was described as a 'cauldron of discontent' on the eve of war?
Central Luzon
88
What was the assumption of the united front regarding national unity on the eve of war?
Acceptance of continued American rule until the grant of independence in 1946
89
What elements were placed under surveillance during spy fever and later collaborated with the Japanese?
Ganaps
90
Who was the Rector Magnificus of UST that honored Francisco Franco?
Fr. Silvestre Sancho
91
Which Spanish fascist organization disrupted operations during the Civilian Emergency Administration?
Philippine Falangistas
92
What Japanese firm's truck drivers were often military-age men potentially engaged in mapping missions?
Mitsui Bussan Kaisha
93
Which Japanese company in Davao constructed a wharf and electrical plant used during the invasion?
Furukawa Plantation Co.
94
What were the twin thrusts of Japanese propaganda in the Philippines aimed at?
Japan
95
Which exiled Filipino general was encouraged by Japanese propagandists to write about the Philippine Revolution?
Gen. Artemio Ricarte
96
Who wrote a book critical of American imperialism that was printed in Tokyo?
Pio Duran
97
Who was seen as the symbol of American invincibility for Filipinos on the eve of war?
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
98
Who are considered the makers of history in the long run, according to *The Continuing Past*?
The masses
99
Who was the commanding general of US forces in the Philippines in 1903?
Gen. Arthur MacArthur
100
What was the US contingency plan for war with Japan regarding the defense of the Philippines?
War Plan Orange
101
What was the official US military policy regarding defenses in the Philippines?
"No improvements, no reinforcements and no withdrawal"
102
What legislative act accorded Douglas MacArthur the title of Field Marshal?
National Defense Act
103
What entity was created in July 1941 integrating the Philippine Army and US forces?
USAFFE (United States Armed Forces in the Far East)

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