TCA & Some Thermodynamics Flashcards
ATP is
Energy storage molecule
Why is ATP such a good energy storage molecule?
Due to the phosphate groups.
Why do reactions occur in small controlled steps to transfer energy to carrier molecule?
so we dont lose energy as heat
Hydrolysis reactions are used when
you break phosphate bonds
Catabolic Pathways
breaking bonds
Anabolic Pathways
make bonds
How does the cell store energy?
Chemical bonds, chemical concentration gradient, electrical concentration gradient and electrochemical gradients
Thermodynamics
study of the relationship between free energy, heat and disorder in a system
1st Law of Thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed, just converted from one form to another
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Within an isolated system disorder is always increasing
Entropy (S)
amount of disorder in the system
T/F: Energy is not required to restore order in a system
False, energy IS required
Increasing Disorder has a _____ delta S and decreasing disorder has a ____ delta S
+;-
Free energy
amount of energy available to do work; G
T/F: All reactions have a change in free energy
TRUE
When energy is consumed there is a _____ delta G.
Positive
Endergonic Rxn
energy consumed; +delta G
Exergonic Rxn
energy released; - delta G
Enthalpy
heat content of a reacting system
Exothermic Rxn
releases heat and has a negative delta G
Endothermic Rxn
Put in or consume heat; positive delta G
dG= dH-TdS
relationship between G, H, S
When are reactions favorable?
when they are spontaneous; delta G is negative
When delta G is positive a reaction is or is not spontaneous
is not
If enthalpy is decreasing and entropy is increasing the reaction will be:
favorable
Condensation Rxn are energetically_______
un-favorable
Hydrolysis Rxn are energetically ______
favorable
Overall, you always want delta G to be?
negative
Why might carbs be a better fuel than lipids?
Body can breakdown carbs faster
RNA is more/less reactive
more
RNA is produced
when conditions require them to be produced
Energy from ________ reactions is used for _______ reactions
catabolic; anabolic
Are our bodies an isolated system?
No