ETC, ATP Synthesis, & Amino Acid Structure Flashcards
Where is the electron transport chain located?
inner mitochondrial membrane
What does the ETC do?
uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 produced by glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and citric acid cycle for the production of ATP and then it regenerates FAD and NAD+ under aerobic conditions
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in ?
ETC
Which each transfer of electrons, they get transfered to a ______ energy state
lower
energy released by electrons generates?
electrochemical gradient (H+ gradient)
Oxidized
loss electron
Reduced
gain electron
Reduction potential
affinity for electrons
Low reduction potential means
low affinity for electrons
Electrons are being transferred from molecules of ______ potential to _____
low to high
T/F: electrons acceptors are more negative
false; acceptors are more positive
Chemiosmotic Coupling
coupling between membrane transport and chemical bond formation (Mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space)
Give an example of chemiosmotic coupling involving the ETC and ATP Synthase
Electron transport drives pump that pumps protons across membrane, proton gradient is then harnessed by ATP Synthase to make ATP
Electrochemical gradient provides energy for?
ATP Synthesis
ETC is made up of ____ complexes and _____ proton pumps
4;3
What are the two mobile electrons carriers in the ETC?
Q and Cytochrome C
Complex 1 allows _____ to enter
NADH
If it starts with NADH what complexes will it move through and how many protons will move to the intermembrane space?
1, 3, & 4; 10 protons
How many ATP are produced per NADH that enters the ETC?
3
Where does FADH2 enter? and pumps how many protons across the membrane?
complex 2; 6
How many ATP are produced per FADH2?
2
List the electron carriers that move electrons between complexes
Ubiquinone, Cytochromes, Iron-Sulfur Centers
Ubiquinone
carriers two electrons at a time; small and hydrophobic
Carriers electrons from complex 1 to complex 3 and complex 2 to complex 3
ubiquinone