Chapter 17-Glycolysis Flashcards
glycolysis
- breakdown of glucose (6c) to pyruvate (3c)
- anaerobic
glycolytic pathway is aka
embden-meyerhoff
1 molecule of glucose is converted into ____ molecules of pyruvate?
2
anaerobic glycolysis
-conversion of glucose to lactate
aerobic means
oxygen present
once pyruvate is formed, there are several different fates. List them
- Anaerobic glycolysis
- Aerobic oxidation
- Anaerobic alcoholic fermentation
List the very basic process of glycolysis
- glucose (6c) is converted to fructose-1,6-biphosphate (6c)
- fructose-1,6-biphosphate gives rise to 2 molecules of pyruvate (3c)
What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis?
2
Catabolic Pathways
breaking bonds
Anabolic Pathways
make bonds
When energy is consumed there is a _____ delta G.
Positive
Endergonic Rxn
energy consumed; +delta G
Exergonic Rxn
energy released; - delta G
Enthalpy
heat content of a reacting system
Exothermic Rxn
releases heat and has a negative delta G
Endothermic Rxn
Put in or consume heat; positive delta G
dG= dH-TdS
relationship between G, H, S
When are reactions favorable?
when they are spontaneous; delta G is negative
When delta G is positive a reaction is or is not spontaneous
is not
If enthalpy is decreasing and entropy is increasing the reaction will be:
favorable
Condensation Rxn are energetically_______
un-favorable
Hydrolysis Rxn are energetically ______
favorable
Overall, you always want delta G to be?
negative
Energy from ________ reactions is used for _______ reactions
catabolic; anabolic
Are reactions involving the assembly of polymers usually condensation rxn or hydrolysis rxn?
condensation
Enzymes _______ reactions.
Catalyze or accelerate
How does enzymes catalyze reactions?
by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. they dont change the overall delta G
What needs to be overcome to proceed?
activation energy
In catalysis, are both reactions accelerated to the same degree?
Yes.
Oxidation is the ______ of electrons. Reduction is the ______ of electrons.
Loss; Gain
NAD+/NADHwhich is oxidized?
NAD
FAD/FADH2which is reduced?
FADH2
What do activated carriers do?
store energy until it is ready to be used
What is the most abundant activated carrier?
ATP, because of phophoanhydride bonds
Where does glycolsis occur?
Cytosol
How many steps is glycolsis?
10 steps catalyzed by 10 different enzymes.
Does Glycosis occur under anaerobic (No O2) conditions?
yes.
Glycolysis yields:
2 pyruvate per 1 glucose
What is the net energy carrier production of glycolysis?
2 ATP & 2 NADH
What are the two phases of glycosis?
Preparatory and Pay-off Phase
What does the preparatory phase do?
preparing glucose for cleavage
In the preparatory phase how many ATP is consumed?
2
What reactions are part of the preparatory phase?
Rxn 1-4 (sometimes 5)