TCA/NADH Flashcards
Explain the first step in TCA, names, number of C and additional info.
Acetyl CoA gives 2C to 4C Oxaloacetate, to make 6C Citrate.
Explain the second step from Citrate, names and number of C.
6C Isocitrate
Explain the third step from Isocitrate, names and number of C.
goes to 5C a-ketoglutarate, releases CO2 and NADH and H+
Explain the fourth step from a-ketoglutarate, names and number of C.
Makes 4C Succinyl CoA, releases CO2 and NADH and H+
Explain the fifth step from Succinyl CoA, names and number of C.
4C Succinate, releases GTP
Explain the sixth step from succinate, names and number of C.
4C Fumerate, releases FADH2
Explain the seventh step starting from fumerate, names and number of C.
4C Malate
Explain the eight step from malate, names and number of C.
4C Oxaloacetate, NADH and H+ releases
Explain Transamination and give an example of one reaction.
Amine group is transferred from one amino acid to a keto acid forming a new pair of AA and keto acid. Eg. Glutamate + Oxaloacetate ——> a-ketoglutarate + aspartate, uses enzyme aspartate transaminase
NADH transportation- glycerol phosphate shuttle, location and process
brain and muscle. cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phos DH turns NADH and H+ to NAD+, making glycerol 3-phos from dihydroxyacetone phos, then glycerol 3-phos back to DHA by mitochondrial glycerol 3-phos, turning FAD to FADH2.
NADH transport- malate aspartate, location and mechanism.
liver, heart, kidneys. Aspartate to oxaloacetate, enzyme is aspartate transaminase, a-keto to glutamate, then oxalo to malate, NADH to NAD+, the opposite occurs in mitochondrial space.
Warburg effect- discuss
mutations of TCA enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate DH, fumerase, decreases TCA activity and encourages a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid production in cytosol.
