TC 3-04.4 Fundamental of Flight Flashcards
What conditions must exists simultaneously for settling with power to occur?
A vertical or near-vertical descent of at least 300 feet per minute
Slow forward airspeed
Rotor system 20 to 100 percent of available engine power with insufficient power remaining to arrest the descent.
What conditions are conducive to settling with power?
Steep approach at a high rate of descent
Downwind approach
Formation flight approach
Hovering above the maximum hover ceiling
Not maintaining constant altitude control during an OGE hover
During masking/unmasking
How could an aviator recover from settling-with-power?
Initially arresting with sufficient power is an option, however, if done carelessly or too late could aggravate the situation
Directional flight to get out of the vertical descent and possibly lowering collective (altitude permitting)
Dive recovery must be made prior to reaching computed VNE. What two aerodynamic phenomena are used to derive VNE for diving flight?
Retreating blade stall and/or compressibility
What are the variables affecting the pilot’s ability to see with FLIR?
IR crossover, FLIR sensor optimization, Minimum Resolvable Temperature (MRT), Aviator’s proficiency and ability, Humidity, Obscurations (dust, smoke, haze).
Which FLIR polarity is normally best optimized for target detection?
White Hot
Consider 98.6° human in a 120° desert (black hot to make person glow)
Should the P* attempt to reoptimize the FLIR when encountering restricted visibility?
Yes. If this does not work, turn way from the weather, land, or execute IIMC recovery.
What is IR signal attenuation? How does it affect NVS flight?
IR attenuation is signal reduction caused by the distance a signal travels through a given air composition or density. The degree of attenuation is directly proportional to changes in air composition and density.
The sum of what 4 factors determines the amount of IR energy an object will radiate when exposed to a given amount of thermal energy for a given amount of time?
Reflectance, Absorbance, Transmittance, Emissivity
What are the 4 baseline substances used in IR crossover? Which readily cross over with one another? Which do not cross over?
• Soil, concrete, water, and vegetation.
• Soil, concrete, and water cross over with one another. Vegetation and water cross over.
• Soil and concrete do not cross over with vegetation.
When conducting FLIR operations in a snow environment, what is the primary cause of FLIR attenuation?
Size and density of the snow flakes
Briefly describe Infrared Radiation and how it exists.
Exists due to molecular activity within elements of substances. As molecules are stimulated, they vibrate, which radiates energy-including IR energy. The stimulus for molecular activity is heat.
When responding to unusual attitude recovery, regardless of the symbology mode being employed at the time of disorientation-hover, bob-up, transition, or cruise- the initial recovery steps are the same:
• The crew orients the MPNVS turret toward the aircraft nose and minimizes head movement during the recovery.
• The head tracker should be located and cross-checked with the LOS reticle.
• The crew can use the remaining flight symbology to complete reorientation and recovery.
