TBL 9 Glycolysis and PPP Flashcards
Vitamin B1 is a cofactor in which of the following enzymes and pathway in which they belong
Pentose Pathway (ribose 5-phosphate)
formation of acetyl coa (pyruvate dehydrogenase)
Citrate acod cycle ( alpha KG dehydrogenase)
Branched chain amino acid ulilization (BCKDH)
non-oxidative phase of PPP (transketolase)
risks people for Vit B 1 deficiancy
alcoholics, starvation, pregancy, high carb diet, Dyalysis( B1 leaves more) vomitting, Chronic diarrhea, GI surgery,
alcohol reduced absorbption
Vitamin B1 deficiency disorders
Beriberi (dry- cardiovascular, Dry - neurological)
Wernickes(reversible)
-korsakoff (non-reversible) syndrome (in alcoholics)
Dry Berberi vs wet beriberi
NADH, FADH2 are derived from what vitamins
NADH, FADH2- reduced molecules that are made from Vitamin B3 and B2
respectively
CoA and Lipoamide are cofactors for ___
PDH (pyruvate dehydrogense) and TCA
biotin is ____
vit B7
Tetrahydro Folate is a vitamin_____derivative
B9
TPP is _____ derivative
B1
in pregnant women, what leads to gestatational diabetes?
placenta produces lactogen and mimics growth hormone, so it opposes insulin, so glucokinase activity is also reduced since insulin increases glukokinase to reduce sugar levels in blood
pyruvate kinase hormone regulators
Glucagon and epinephrine will favor gluconeogenesis
what steps in glycolysis are irreversible
PFK-1 and pyruvate kinase
diease related to pyruvate kinase deficiency:
autosomal recessive
when pyruvate kinase cant make ATP leads to RBC lysis since low ATP causes messed up Na+/K+ ATPase pump, irregular ion balance —> cell swells and lysis.
this will shift gluycolysis to produce 2,3 BPG from 1,3 BPG so cells can deliver more oxygen!!
what happens when there is not enough oxygen, what will be produced in our cells?
what cells rely on lactate production?
red, white blood cells, kidney medulla, eye, skeletal muscle
lactic acidosis can lead to_____
Poor oxygen transport
anemia: not enough RBC/Hb (acidic
chronic lung disease
weak breathing
what are other Lactate dehydrogenase dysfunctiions
-Alcoholism or acute alcohol poisoning: too much NADH
-Too much exercise: use all NADH so fermentation instead
-GSD Type I: cant convert G6P to glucose (dont have to know yet)
-Drug use or other liver dysfunction
what are the products of PPP
NADPH, Ribose 5 Phosphate, Glucose 6 phosphate
what is the oxidative phase of PPP
Glucose 6 P makes Ribolose 5 phosphate and makes 2 NADPH
NON-REVERSIBLE
ribose 5 phosphate is made from the ____ phase
non-oxidative phase
makes nucleotides and other sugars
what are the steps in the oxidative phase of PPP ( name 2 key enzymes )
and what does each enzyme produce?
key enzymes:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) : produces 6-phosphoglucolactone and NADPH
6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
produces Ribolose-5-phosphate
NADPH and CO2
what is NADPH used for?
for anabolic reasons:
fatty acid synthesis, make steroid hormones in adrenal cortex, make sex hormones in mammary glands
Glutathione reduction (antioxidant product)
drug detox: liver: CYP system
immune cells: have NADPH oxidases that oxidise marked pathogens
how does NADPH help regulate the Respiratory Burst?
hep form free radicals(hyperchhlorite and H2O2) to aid killing of pathogens and also generate reduced glutathione to neutralize remaining H2O2
what are the two enzymes you should know in the non-oxidative phase of PPP?
Transketalose: trasnfers two carbons with the help of B1 (thiamine)
transaldose: transfer 3 carbons
together form bigger sugars
