TBL-7 Protein Modification and a Signaling Introduction Flashcards
Glycosylation and example
which one is our focus here
attach a sugar to an N or O of peptide
ex:
(1) Asparagine-linked (N-linked), covered later
(2) Serine/threonine-linked (O-linked) , covered later
(3) GPI Anchors
example of pathogen that uses glycans to gain cell entry
RBD (covid 19) recognizes N322 glycan on ACE2 (receptor) in lung
Innate immune system response
Innate immune system
distinguishes self from non-
self through the activity of pattern recognition receptors.
these immune cells have glycan-type toll-like receptors TLC-4 that recognize lipopolysaccharides found on the surface of
gram-negative bacteria and not in humans
induces inflammatory response proteins, phagocytosis
glycan-type receptor in innate immune system
TLC 4
Phagocytotic Leukocytes of Innate Immune system
name the 3
Neutrophils: In the bloodstream, detect infection with pattern recognition receptor, destroy small pathogens
Eosinophil-similar but target larger pathogens
Macrophages- differentiate from monocyte. Major function: Destroy human cells that have been compromised
innate immune cells initiate signaling increasing expression of many target genes by signaling pathways ________ and ______
G-protein coupled receptors like GPI modifications and JAK/SAT
what are the expressed proteins after the innate system has been triggered
(A) Chemokines- glycoproteins that attract other white cells (positive
feedback). The initiate signaling in target cells
(B) Complement pathways- is activated in three different manners at the
local infected site. Leads to recruitment of white cells, enhanced
phagocytosis by the process of opsonization and pathogen cell
membrane lysis.
(C) Adhesion molecules – many but forms a barrier and helps make cells
stick to the infection site.
chemokines
Chemokines-glycoproteins that attract other white cells (positive
feedback). The initiate signaling in target cells
Complement pathways-
Complement pathways- is activated in three different manners at the
local infected site. Leads to recruitment of white cells, enhanced
phagocytosis by the process of opsonization and pathogen cell
membrane lysis.
Adhesion molecules
Adhesion molecules – many but forms a barrier and helps make cells
stick to the infection site.
neutrophils burst open to form barrier
what an example of response with GPI anchors being cleaved in alpha Q
histamine release which bind to the H1 receptor
adaptive immune system
and cells
slow response
adaptive immune system termed lymphocytes and derive from
the “common lymphoid progenitor.” Two main types
(A) B-cell: produce antibodies and present pathogenic material to t-cells
(B) T-cell: directly kill infectious cells, activate other immune cells, regulate
immune response through cytokines.
what are GPI on GPCR and how does it work
in GPCR-aplha Q
they are glycolipids within the GPCR that anchor it to the cell membrame and if it get cleaved then initiates response
the glycolipids are localized within the cholesterol and sphingolipids
released from phospholipase C
H1 receptor drugs and their brand names (5)
and how do they work
second generation:
They bind to the H1 receptor but have a charge so they do not cross the barrier and do not make you sleepy
cetirizine (antihistamine) =trade name (zrytec)
levocetirizine= xyral
loratadine =claritin
desloratadine=clarinex
fexofenadine=allegra
hydroxylation
hydroxyl group to Proline and several
other amino acids
hydroxylation stabilizes collagen’s triple helical structure at every 3rd AA
lack of Lack of Vitamin C leads to ___
Scurvy: defective collagen formation leading to
subcutaneous hemorrhage, aching bones, joints,
and muscle in adults, rigid position and pain in
infants
Recommended daily amount: 75 mg (W), 90 mg
(M)
