TBI

Question 1

Who is at risk for TBI?

Answer 1

Young, single, men

Question 2

Three common causes of TBI:

Answer 2

1. MVA 2. Fall 3. Firearms

Question 3

Signs of skull fracture (2):

Answer 3

Clear discharge, CN problems

Question 4

Three cases of secondary brain injury:

Answer 4

1. Amino acids (excitatory)
2. Opioids
3. Increased ICP

Question 5

Glasgow scale for TBI

Answer 5

Mild: 13-15
Moderate: 9-12
Severe: 3-5

Question 6

Duration of LOC for TBI:

Answer 6

Mild: less than 30 minutes
Moderate: 30 - 6 hours
Severe: Over 6 hours

Question 7

What is heterotypic ossification?

Answer 7

Ectopic bone formation surround soft tissues of joints

Question 8

What should you prophylax after a TBI?

Answer 8

DVT

Question 9

What is Chronic traumatic encephalopathy?

Answer 9

Repeated brain damage from football/boxers - progressive degenerative disease

Question 10

What is cerebral anoxia?

Answer 10

Global loss of oxygen to the brain

Question 11

Oxygen loss effect on the brain:

Answer 11

LOC in 15 seconds and brain damage in 4 minutes

Question 12

What are watershed areas:

Answer 12

Areas furthest away from the major arteries of the brain (ACA, MCA, PCA)

Question 13

Anoxia after how many minutes is a poor prognosis?

Answer 13

8-10 minutes

Question 14

What is Hypoxic Ischemic Encepahlopathy?

Answer 14

Acute or subacute brain injury in FULL term infants due to asphyxia

Question 15

Treatment for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy:

Answer 15

Hypothermia in the first 6 hours

Question 16

Phases of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy:

Answer 16

1. Insult
2. Primary energy failure
3. Cerebral metabolism partially recovers
4. Secondary phase (hours to days later)

Question 17

Sudden cardiac arrest (M or F?)

Answer 17

M 2-3 x more than F

Question 18

What is a vegetative state?

Answer 18

Anoxic bran injury with slight wakefulness without awareness - no ability to interact or be aware