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Neuro. CM3 > Brain Tumor + LMN > Flashcards

Brain Tumor + LMN Flashcards

1
Q

Who gets brain tumors more, M or W?

A

They get them both the same

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2
Q

In children under 15… brain cancer

A

Is the number 1 solid malignancy and number 1 cause of death

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3
Q

What are Lisch nodules?

A

Growths on the eye in NF-1

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4
Q

Neurofibrosarcomas can develop in:

A

NF1

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5
Q

Neurofibromatosis genetics:

A

Variable expression, 100% penetrance

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6
Q

Schwannomas (benign) develop bilaterally in:

A

NF2

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7
Q

NF2 pathognomonic findings:

A

Bilateral schwanomas + Cafe au lait spots

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8
Q

Von-hippel-lindau syndrome is autosomal dominant and causes:

A

Mutation in TS VHL; tumors are hemangioblastomas, pancreatic cysts, kidney tumors and pheochromocytoma

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9
Q

What are the 5 (2S, 3B) cancers you get with p53 mutation (Li Fraumeni):

A
  • Soft tumor
  • Sarcoma
  • Brain
  • Breast
  • Blood
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10
Q

What does Turcot’s refer to?

A

Link between brain and colon cancer

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11
Q

Turcots:

Familial adenomatous polyposis is linked to what type of CA?

A

Medulloblastoma

FAP:M

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12
Q

Turcots:

HNPCC is linked to what kind of CA?

A

Glioma

HNPCC: G

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13
Q

WHO criteria: CAME

A

I: Cell
II: Atypia
III: Mitotic
IV: Endothelial

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14
Q

> 95% of tumors fall into:

A

GME:

glioma, meningioma, ependyma

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15
Q

Circumscribed WHO I are what type of glioma?

A

Pilocytic

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16
Q

Ependyomas follow what WHO criteria?

A

I-III: affect low grade adult spinal cord but high grade in the brains of kids

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17
Q

Most common brain tumor (WHO grade?):

A

Meningioma (I-II) - Most prevalent after age 35

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18
Q

What CA arises from an arachnoid cap cell?

A

Meningioma

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19
Q

Most common complaint and then they have CA is:

A

HA

20
Q

Increased ICP at what part increases nausea and vomiting?

A

Postrema of the medulla

21
Q

If there is aphasia, where is the lesion most likely?

A

The left frontal or parietal lobe

22
Q

What is the gold standard for Brain tumor Dx?

A

MRI with gadolinium

23
Q

What does SPECT look at?

A

BBB

24
Q

What would Diffusion Tensor Imaging be used for?

A

Imaging water within white matter - currently used in babies

25
Q

Most common types of brain tumors from mets (3):

A
  1. Lung
  2. Breast
  3. Colorectal
26
Q

What two areas are brain mets formed?

A
  • Watershed areas

- At the gray/white matter junction

27
Q

Treatment with surgery for larger lesions over:

A

4 cm

28
Q

Stereotactic radio surgery is for:

A

Small deer lesions in important areas; no anesthesia

29
Q

2/3 of patients have seizures after gliomas, treat them with:

A

High dose dexamethasone (10mg) acutely

30
Q

Postoperatively brain tumor DVT prophylaxis

A

LMWH for within 12-24 hours and SCDS + ambulation ASAP

31
Q

5 Year survival rate:

A

34.2%

32
Q

When do you refer to ortho for LMN disorders?

A

Root, plexus and nerve problems

33
Q

What are syrinx cavities

A

Acquired cavitation of the spinal cord that are necrotic

34
Q

What can you get a syrinx from?

A

Trauma, myelitis, necrotic spinal cord syndromes and TB (arachnoiditis)

35
Q

More than 1/2 of the cases of syringomelia are associated with Chiari type 1 which is:

A

When the cerebellar tonsils poke down and cause increased pressuer

36
Q

Clinical presentation of Syringomelia is Central cord syndrome which is:

A

Cape distribution of SENSORY loss and areflexia in the upper limbs (can still feel touch and vibration)

37
Q

When the cavity in syringomelia gets too big you can get (2):

A

Urinary defecation issues; spasticity

38
Q

Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis has degeneration in what two ares of the brain?

A

Frontal and Temporal

39
Q

ALS is also called what two things?

A

Motor neuron disease; Lou Gehrig’s

40
Q

Age of people that get ALS:

A

Risk goes up over 40 with highest incidence at 75

41
Q

Mechanism of ALS: Too much ___

A

Glutamate (neurotoxicity)

42
Q

Most common presentation of ALS:

A

Unilateral arm weakness (Distal > Proximal)

43
Q

ALS walkers may have:

A

Slap gait - worsening as the day goes on

44
Q

Most common cause of death in an ALS patient:

A

Respiratory failure

45
Q

Definite diagnosis of ALS is a diagnosis of UMN and LMN in:

A

3 regions

46
Q

What test would you order for someone with ALS?

A

EMG studies, nerve conduction studies

47
Q

Two medications that are disease-modifying for ALS:

A

Riluzole: Reduce glutamate excito-toxicity
Edaravone: Reduce oxidative damage

Neuro. CM3 (11 decks)

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