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Neuro. CM3 > Seizure > Flashcards

Seizure Flashcards

1
Q

A febrile seizure that is recurrent is ___

A

NOT epilepsy

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2
Q

Def. of epilepsy (2):

A
  1. More than 1 seizure

2. Enduring alteration of brain that increases risk for seizure

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3
Q

An acute symptomatic seizure is called:

A

Provoked

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4
Q

What are the two causes of a provoked seizure?

A
  • Electrolyte imbalance

- ETOH withdraws (first 48 hours)

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5
Q

Cause for an unprovoked seizure?

A

CVA, brain tumor, TBI

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6
Q

What is a Jacksonian March?

A

Seizure activity that starts unilateral in 1 muscle group and spreads systemically

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7
Q

What is Todd’s Paresis/paralysis?

A

Todd = T; Transient hemiplegia after a seizure

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8
Q

Incidence for seizures is highest in what age groups?

A

Under 5 and over 65

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9
Q

Two main historic features suggestive of a seizure:

A
  • Aura associated with onset

- Post-ictal confusion state

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10
Q

Febrile seizure in kids common between 3 mo - 5 years on:

A

1st day of febrile illness (d/t speed of fever)

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11
Q

Treatment of febrile seizure

A

Tylenol - Control the fever

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12
Q

After a TBI, may start experiencing seizures within 1 week - treat with:

A

Phenytoin or levetiracetam

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13
Q

Seizures in AIDS patients may indicate:

A

Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, AIDS complex dementia

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14
Q

Seizure from hypoglycemia at:

A

20 - 30 mg/dL

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15
Q

Seizure from hyponatremia at:

A

< 120 mEq/L - CHANGE is what causes seizure

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16
Q

Low levels of Calcium and Magnesium at:

A

<0.8 mEq/L of Mg

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17
Q

Seizure from hyperosmolar state at:

A

> 330 mOsm/L

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18
Q

Seizure from drug/ETOH withdrawal:

A

Within a few days of withdrawal

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19
Q

Seizure from Eclampsia - woman with:

A

HTN, proteinuria and edema

20
Q

Seizure from THYROID:

A

Hyper-thryoidism

21
Q

Seizure from drug __

A

Overdose: Abx, antidepressants, narcotics, lithium and more.

22
Q

Most common type of seizure:

A

Generalized

23
Q

Two types of focal seizures:

A

Simple partial: Retained awareness

Complex partial: Impaired awareness

24
Q

Three types of a generalized seizure:

A
  1. Motor
  2. Non-motor (absence)
  3. Other: Tonic, clonic, myoclonic, atonic
25
Q

When does the patient urinate/start breathing again with a generalized motor seizure?

A

Clonic phase

26
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Seizures over 30 minutes without ceasing spontaneously - FULL CONSCIOUSNESS IS NOT RESTORED BETWEEN SEIZURES

27
Q

Why is status epilepticus a medical emergency?

A

Can cause brain damage

28
Q

How do you abort status epilepticus?

A

Lorazepam + maintenance therapy too

29
Q

Maintenance medication for status epilepticus?

A

Fosphenytoin or phenytoin

30
Q

What type of seizure is a “drop seizure”? (common with what syndrome?)

A

Atonic - loss of postural tone

*Syndrome: Lennox-Gastaut

31
Q

Most common pediatric epilepsy syndrome:

A

Absence (non-motor) - Simple (just staring)

32
Q

Common age for pediatric absence seizures:

A

4-8

33
Q

Most common symptom of a complex partial seizure (focal)?

A

Epigastric sensation (dysphagia)

34
Q

Which type of seizure has orobuccolingual automatisms?

A

Complex partial seizures (focal)

35
Q

What test should you order in determining syncope vs. tonic-clonic?

A

Pregnancy test

36
Q

Three characteristics of EEG for seizures?

A
  • Abnormal spikes
  • Polyspike Discharge
  • Spike-wave complexes
37
Q

To diagnosis epilepsy, should you trial AEDs?

A

NO

38
Q

When can you initiate a second drug for seizure prevention?

A
  • After drug max has been reached with drug #1
39
Q

Should you use two drugs for seizures?

A

Monotherapy is best. Start the second drug and wean off drug #1 that was not working. Using two drugs together is last resort.

40
Q

When can you withdraw from AEDs?

A

After 2-5 years of being seizure free

41
Q

Diet proven to reduce all seizures by 50%

A

Keto - Body burns fat instead of glucose for energy

42
Q

Alternative diet to keto that is more flexible:

A

Low Glycemic index treatment (GIT)

43
Q

Two stimulation devices for seizures:

A
  • Vagus nerve stimulator

- RNS therapy

44
Q

Only try surgery for epilepsy if:

A

At least two single drugs and a combination of 2 or more drugs has been tried

45
Q

Treatment for absence seizure:

A

Ethosuximide

46
Q

Treatment for partial seizures:

A

Lamotrigine

47
Q

Treatment for Tonic-Clonic seizures:

A

Valproate/Lamotrigine

Neuro. CM3 (11 decks)

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