Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

exam#2 485 > TBI > Flashcards

TBI Flashcards

1
Q

Closed Head injury is a _____ damage

A

diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Open Heads Injury can be ____, or more focal like a stroke.

A

diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, can be defined as a

A

short-lived loss of brain function due to head trauma that resolves spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion resolves _______.

A

spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

With concussion, function may be interrupted but there is no _______ damage to the brain.

A

structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CHI to the brain results in ______ and ________ brain injury

A

primary

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary injury occur ______ following impact and is related to instantaneous events directly caused by the blow.

A

immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary injury is characterized by a cascade of biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the evolution of secondary damage. What type of effects does this present?

A

long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Potential sites for cerebral bruising in CHI (4)

A

Site of impact (coup);
Sites diametrically opposite site of impact; (contrecoup)due to no pressure release
Frontal and temporal lobe crests; and
Surface lesions of the upper borders of the hemispheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Repetitive TBI , is also known as?

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy CTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common Behavioral Issues with a Brain Injury

A 
Poor self control, impulsivity
Limited insight into deficits
Lack of initiative
Non-compliance
Depression
Decreased understanding of social rules
Irritability, agitation, aggression
Low threshold for over stimulation
Emotional lability (i.e., shifts in emotional state)
Low frustration tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is TBI different from aphasia?

A

aphasia is just a language problem, TBI has mixed issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Observed symptoms of TBI

A 
Vacant stare 
Delayed verbal and motor responses 
Confusion and inability to focus attention
Disorientation 
Slurred or incoherent speech
Gross observable incoordination 
Emotions out of proportion to circumstances 
Memory deficits 
Any period of loss of consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Observed symptoms (in assessment)

A

Difficulty focusing & sustaining attention
• Delayed response time
• Decreased ability to organize information
• Difficulty with simultaneous processing
• Limited ability to generalize
• Rigid/concrete problem solving
• Decreased concept formation
• Altered perceptual/spatial function
• Decreased judgment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TBI can lead to what 4 types of disturbances?

A

cognitive
emotional
behavioral
physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of disturbance is Very common after TBI

A

emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cognitive disturbances can mask subtle language deficits following a head injury. t/f

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Speech and language problems following head injury often don’t capture or document the problems. t/f

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are speech/language problems important to study?

A

An individual’s communication skills after a TBI is often a critical factor in determining quality of life and have major social and vocational ramifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Communication challenges following TBI are most often ____-____ in nature (more global)

A

non-aphasic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TBI patients May have ______ speech, reasonably fluent and grammatical ______language and ________ adequate to support everyday interaction

A

intelligible
expressive
comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is it so hard to pinpoint linguistic deficits following TBI? (3)

A
  1. High variability of TBI population
  2. Language deficits are commonly overlooked because cognitive/memory problems are overwhelming.
  3. Metalinguistic cognitive functions (attention, memory etc) interact with language deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Despite performing within normal limits on standardized batteries, TBI patients suffer some degree of ________ _______

A

language dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Common TBI Language Deficits

A 
Interpretation of ambiguous sentences
Inferential judgments
Generating semantically constrained sentences
Metaphor interpretation
Humor
Semantic association tasks
Synonym/antonym generation tasks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Common TBI Language Deficits (2)

A 
digressiveness
difficulty in self monitoring:
		- that includes lack of inhibition, 
		- difficulty in attending to topic, 
		- disorganization
		- difficulty in initiating speech and once initiated, 	speech is difficult to stop, difficult to change topic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is common across these deficits?

A

They all involve interplay between cognitive processes (attention, memory and executive functions) with linguistic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what language impairments reflect the cognitive dysfunction that may occur after TBI.

A

impacting attention recall
organization
sequencing
Retrieval impairments are frequent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

language impairments resulting from TBI
may be called __________ impairment rather
than aphasia.

A

neurolinguistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Time course following injury

A
  1. Full language function recovered if initial injury was mild
  2. After some mild head injury, expressive deficits can remain for at least 6 months post onset, with anomia. Generally recovered diffuse cerebral damage.
30
Q

Most linguistic recovery occurs within the first __ months, especially in the first __ month.

A

6

1

31
Q

_______ problems tend to resolve first.

A

Memory

32
Q

Children with TBI can present with “_______ ____” dysfunctions which fail to meet the primary characteristics of traditional aphasia definitions

A

“subclinical aphasia”

33
Q

tbi in children are prevalent because

A 
Larger head on weaker neck muscles 
more chance for contra-coup injuries
Less myelination
greater impact of shearing forces 
Softer cranium
Increased susceptibility to blunt forces
34
Q

TBI in children = often disturbs acquisition of ____ language skills as compared to the recovery of already established abilities.

A

new

35
Q

what are the common behavioral characteristics of TBI?

A 
Poor self control, impulsivity
Limited insight into deficits
Lack of initiative
Non-compliance
Depression
Decreased understanding of social rules
Irritability, agitation, aggression
Low threshold for over stimulation
Emotional lability (i.e., shifts in emotional state)
Low frustration tolerance
36
Q

what are the characteristics of CTE?

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

multiple concussions; can only be diagnosed postmortem. common with professional athletes.

37
Q

what are the characteristics of a concussion?

A

language deficits mixed with many other issues (emotional, in-coordination, vacant stares)

38
Q

what are the characteristics of post-concussive

A

symptoms that persist beyond 3 months but must be classified as a concussion.

  1. LOC
  2. PTA
39
Q

What are some observable symptoms seen in TBI patients?

A 
Vacant stare 
Delayed verbal and motor responses 
Confusion and inability to focus attention
Disorientation 
Slurred or incoherent speech
Gross observable incoordination 
Emotions out of proportion to circumstances 
Memory deficits 
Any period of loss of consciousness
40
Q

what are the 3 most common consequences of TBI?

A

Attention
Memory
Executive Function

41
Q

why is speech/language problems difficult to assess or pinpoint in TBI?

A

language is overlooked because cognitive/memory is so poor. Metalinguistic cognitive functions (attention, memory etc) interact with language deficits.

42
Q

what are some of the more common language deficits seen in TBI?

A

digressiveness

difficulty self-monitoring

43
Q

what do language impairments reflect regarding the nature of the deficits of TBI?

A

cognitive dysfunction

44
Q

when do language abilities typically recover after a mild TBI?

A

6 months; especially within the first month

45
Q

when do language abilities typically recover after a severe TBI?

A

1 year

46
Q

What are some the executive function deficits seen in TBI?

A 
Reasoning
Planning
Concept formation
Mental flexibility
Aspects of Attention & Awareness
Purposeful Behavior
47
Q

what is PTA and how is it related to TBI severity?

A

POST-TRAUMATIC AMNESIA: it ranks the injury severity as a function of duration
PTA 7 days = “very severe injury“

48
Q

what are some ways that post-concussive syndrome might affect academic performance?

A 
Processing speed – Lecture
Alternating attention – Note-taking
Cognitive Flexibility – Problem solving
Connecting Ideas – Studying
Concentration – Lecture, Studying
Memory – Test Taking
Planning – Deadlines, Homework, Meetings
Self-Evaluation – Grades
Disinhibition – Social Settings, class discussions
49
Q

What are the 4 types of memory deficits resulting from a TBI?

A

Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)

50
Q

what type of disturbances will be problematic for executive functions?

A

attention

memory

51
Q

define focused

A

the ability to respond discretely to a specific stimuli-visual, auditory, or tactile

52
Q

define Sustained

A

the ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during a continuous or repetitive activity. Ex: tap every time you see a star-visual task

53
Q

define selective

A

the ability to maintain a cognitive set that requires both activation and inhibition of a response dependent on a response discrimination of stimulus.

54
Q

define alternating

A

the capacity for mental flexibility that allows for moving between having different cognitive requirements . Ex: choose black card say/suit; choose red card say number

55
Q

define divided

A

: ability to simultaneously respond to multiple tasks (multitasking)

56
Q

what is amnesia?

A

inability to remember

57
Q

what memories are the most vulnerable?

A

recently acquired

58
Q

what is anterograde amnesia?

A

inability to acquire and retrieve new information and recall day to day activities since the injury.

59
Q

what is retrograde amnesia?

A

the inability to remember information preceding the injury

60
Q

what is post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)

A

the inability to remember information both preceding and after injury

61
Q

person with TBI can typically access ______ memory

A

semantic

62
Q

the executive system includes what 4 abilities?

A

volition
planning
purposive action
performance effectiveness

63
Q

_________ dysfunction is relatively common for TBI patients.

A

executive

64
Q

how is severity of TBI accessed? (3)

A
  1. Length and Depth of LOC/Coma
  2. Persistence of post-traumatic amnesia (how long will person have post-traumatic amnesia-hrs, days, months)
  3. Levels of Cognitive Function(How people respond to stimuli)
65
Q

the length of unconsciousness is in conjunction with _______ of TBI

A

severity

66
Q

mild TBI loss of consciousness is less than ___ minutes

A

30

67
Q

loss of consciousness for a moderate TBI is - hours

A

1-24

68
Q

loss of consciousness for a severe TBI is more than __ hours

A

24

69
Q

what test will measure eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

A

glasgow coma scale

70
Q

what the scale of cognitive functioning called?

A

levels of cognitive functioning

invented at Rancho Los Amigos

71
Q

An athlete who has a concussion is - times as likely to get another concussion in the same season

A

3-6

72
Q

what are some ways that post-concussive syndrome might affect academic performance?

A 
Studying and Learning
Time Management 
Relating to others 
 alternating attention
connecting ideas
processing speed
planning

exam#2 485 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions