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exam#2 485 > frontotemporal dementias > Flashcards

frontotemporal dementias Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main issue with FTD?

A

behavior

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2
Q

is onset of FTD earlier or later compared to other dementias?

A

earlier (typically 40’s)

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3
Q

what is semantic dementia?

A

word retrieval

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4
Q

What does PPA stand for?

A

primary progressive aphasia

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5
Q

What is the main issue with PPA?

A

language

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6
Q

Are the deficits sudden or gradual with PPA?

A

gradual

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7
Q

What is PPA misdiagnosed for?

A

aphasia

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8
Q

Are more men or women reported with PPA?

A

men

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9
Q

what is the average age of onset for PPA?

A

60’s

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10
Q

Family history (parent or sibling) of ____ has been reported in patients with PPA

A

dementia

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11
Q

The average time frame of isolated impairments for PPA is ___ years.

A

5

but can range for 1.5-20

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12
Q

At least half of PPA patients will develop more _____ type symptoms.

A

aphasic

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13
Q

What is Frontotemporal dementia?

A

arophy of the frontal and temporal lobes

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14
Q

Do FTD patients have plaques, tangles, and brain decay?

A

no

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15
Q

FTD occurs between ages ___-___.

A

35-75

rarely after the age of 75

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16
Q

Who is more affected by FTD, male or females?

A

equal

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17
Q

Does FTD show a genetic component?

A

~30% of cases

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18
Q

• Insidious onset and gradual progression

A

FTD

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19
Q

Early decline in social/interpersonal conduct

A

ftd

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20
Q

Early impairment in personal conduct

A

ftd

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21
Q

Early loss of insight• Early emotional blunting

A

ftd

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22
Q

additional features presented with FTD are:
behavior
speech and language and physical signs.

A

hygiene
speech mutism
akinesis, tremors

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23
Q

Loss of awareness and social functioning
Disinhibition and lack of judgment
Mental rigidity and inflexibility

A

FTD

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24
Q

Changes in daily living (diet, hygiene, etc.)

Distractibility, impulsivity

A

FTD

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25
Q

Depression, anxiety, and apathy are affected symptoms of ??

A

FTD

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26
Q

Is echolalia a speech disorder associated with FTD?

A

yes

also: perservation and late mutism

27
Q

FTD patients have relatively spared ____ and _____ abilities

A

praxis

spatial

28
Q 
Neuropsychological deficits in FTD patients include?
Attention
Abstract thinking
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

organization
mental flexibility
planning

29
Q

Hypochondria, bizarre somatic complaints

A

t

30
Q

Emotional bluntness, apathy, and lack of empathy may be symptoms associated with FTD. t/f

A

t

31
Q

What is Pick’s disease?

A

one type/cause of FTD

32
Q

Pick’s disease causes ______ disturbances and _____

A

behavioral

aphasia

33
Q

Pick’s disease does not have protein tangles. T/F

A

F

34
Q

What is semantic dementia?

A

Breakdown in conceptual knowledge rather than a specific language-based dysfunction.

35
Q

what is semantic dementia caused by?

A

LH anterior/inferior temporal degeneration.

36
Q

Reduced fluency in generating words from an initial letter is typical in what type of dementia?

A

semantic

37
Q

What type of dementia does comprehension affect?

A

semantic

38
Q

what type of dementia is syntax and phonology relatively spared?

A

semantic

39
Q

what is PPA?

A

dementia in which language capabilities become progressively impaired.

40
Q

Aphasia is present in relative _______ from other cognitive deficits (memory, executive functioning) for at least _ years

A

isolation

2

41
Q

what is the loss or impairment of the use of language due to brain damage (usually stroke in a majority of cases).

A

aphasia

42
Q

which dementia has no neuropathological markers (no plaques, tangles, etc.)
�

A

PPA

43
Q

PPA is ___ as many men as women (Opposite of most dementias)

A

twice

44
Q

About _____of all people with PPA have a family history of dementia in a parent or sibling (suggests genetic component)

A

half

45
Q

the average duration of isolated impairment in PPA is

A

5 years, ranging from 1.5-20 years.

46
Q

___% of PPA patients will eventually develop cognitive or behavioral problems consistent with a more diffuse dementia syndrome (such as Alzheimer’s or FTD).

A

50%

47
Q

A gradual _____ in language abilities is seen with PPA

A

decline

48
Q

Is there a completely reliable non-invasive diagnostic test for PPA?

A

no

49
Q

brain scans for PPA will show damage where?

A

LH

atrophy

50
Q

Are brain scans reliable for PPA detection?

A

no, It will not show early stages.

51
Q

what is logopenic?

A

phonological/comprehension errors.

sounds similar to Wernicke’s aphasia

52
Q

Fluent PPA has poor comprehension with ____ words and ____ fluency.

A

single

letter

53
Q

fluent PPA exhibits _____ paraphasias.

A

semantic

54
Q

nonfluent PPA is more dominant with males or females?

A

females

55
Q

nonfluent PPA have errors with ______ speech (but understand what is going on)

A

phonological

56
Q

nonfluent PPA has _____ errors.

A

semantic

57
Q

Are MRI scans enough to diagnose a patient with fluent PPA?

A

no,

behavioral measures need to be tested.

58
Q

PPA patients sound very similar to ______ aphasia

A

Wernicke’s

59
Q

PPA language decline is much _____ compared to Alzheimer’s

A

faster

60
Q

PPAs are usually normal on all ______ and control domains, indicating intact insight into behavioral symptoms.

A

cognitive

61
Q

Do patients with PPA have self-awareness?

A

yes ( especially in beginning phases)

62
Q

Which is more motivated to work in therapy; FTD or PPA patients?

A

PPA

63
Q

What is a core deficit in FTD, yet relatively preserved in initial stages of PPA patients?

A

lack of insight

64
Q

The eventual overlap in language functioning in FTD and PPA suggests that these syndromes belong to the same _______ of disorders

A

spectrum

exam#2 485 (7 decks)

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