Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 2 > TB Vaccines > Flashcards

TB Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

preparation of killed microbes; living attenuated organsims or living fully virulent organisms or part therof that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the BCG vaccine?

A

attenuated M.bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of immunity does BCG induce?

A

cell and antibody mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the benefits of the BCG?

A

very safe; protects against childhood TB meningitis and other disseminated disease; protection against leprosy and bladder cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the problems with BCG?

A

injectable; limited duration of immunity; variable efficacy; limited antigenic repetroire; interference with diagnosis; safety in immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the efficacy rate against pulmonary TB with BCg?

A

0-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the possible explanations for such variations in efficacy with BCg?

A

BCG strain variation; environmental mycobacteria; population genetics; nutrition; other infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is there such global variation in BCG strains?

A

when first created in Pasteur institute. no seed lots (no freeze drying) so was taken back and cultured in different countries resulting in mutations and different strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of environmental mycobacterial in BCG?

A

sensitisation with environmental mycobacteria can influence BCG replication and so protective efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does BCG interefere with TB diagnosis?

A

Mantoux tuberculin skin test can be false positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which patients particularly are there concerns with safety of BCG?

A

children with HIV- can cause disseminated BCG disease and protective effects in these patietns is not understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 vaccination strategies in TB?

A

pre-exposure; post-exposure and therapeutic vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the RD1 encode?

A

T7SS- secretion system apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of phase I clinical trials?

A

small scale to assess vaccine safety in humans and the immune reponse it stimualtes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between phase Ia and phase Ib trials?

A

1a- non-endemic areas vs Ib- endemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of phase II trials?

A

efficacy

17
Q

What is the first subunit vaccine in clinical trials?

A

MVA85A

18
Q

What is MVA85A?/

A

modified vaccinia virus and a simple mycobacterial antigen put in

19
Q

What were the efficacy results of MVA85A?

A

induced modest cell-mediated immune responses but no efficacy against M.tb infection

20
Q

What is the benefit of GSK Mtb72F/AS02A?

A

a subunit vaccine so safe in HIV patients

21
Q

What is the Mtb72F/AS02A vaccine?

A

fusion protein of PPE and inactive protease formulated in liposomal adjuvant AS02A

22
Q

What was foudn to be the results of efficacy of Mtb72F/AS02A?

A

54% protection against active pulmonary TB

23
Q

What is the VPM1002?

A

recombinant BCG lacking the urease C gene but expressing listeriolysin

24
Q

What is the function of listeriolysin in VPM1002?

A

promotes antigen translocation to cytoplasm and enhanced apoptosis and antigen cross-ppresentation

25
Q

What is the function of urease C?

A

blocks the decrease of pH in the endosome

26
Q

What is the only live-attenuated M.tb vaccine?

A

MTBVAC

27
Q

What are hte 2 genetic deletions in MTBVAC?

A

phoP and fadD26

28
Q

What si the function of phoP?

A

transcription that controls more than 2% of Mtb genome such as the virulence factor ESAT-6/CFP10

29
Q

What is the function of fadD26?

A

involved in synthesis of the major cell wall lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM)

30
Q

What happens when there is disturbance in tight immune regulation of a solid granuloma?

A

there is cell death and necrosis leading to caseation which then fails to control Mtb which can grwo in the necrotic detritus in the centre of hte lesion

31
Q

What is the specificity of yd T cells?

A

small pyrophosphate-containing metabolites

32
Q

What is the general function of subunit TB vaccines?

A

boosters after BCG vaccination

33
Q

Which type of T cell are not stimulated by BCG?

A

CD8 T cells

34
Q

What are the mechanisms by which VPM1002 enhances antigen processing and presentation?

A

apoptosis and xenophagy are known to improve this; apoptosis- pertubated endosomal membrane by listeriolysin allows realase of lysosomal enzymes causing apoptosis; xenophagy is stimulated by release of dsDNA into cytosol which stimulate AIM2 and STING causes LC3-II expression (indicator of xenophagy)

35
Q

What are the myeloid-derived suppressor cells characterised by?

A

M1 marker- iNOS and M2 marker- arginase 1 –not a distinct subset but a developmental stage of certain neutrophilic and monocytic phagocytes

36
Q

What is the role of MDSCs in tB?

A

seen in higher numbers in susceptbile mice- inhibit secretion of protective IFNy by T cells

Module 2 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions