Parasitic infections of the GI and GU tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite?

A

organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

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2
Q

How are protozoa classified?

A

according to their movement

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3
Q

What are the 4 classifications of protozoa?

A

sacromastigophora; apicomplexa; ciliophora and microspora

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4
Q

What are hte further divisions of sacromastigophora?

A

sarcodina and mastigophora

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5
Q

How do sarcodina move?

A

by pseudopodia

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6
Q

What characterises sarcomastigophora?

A

flagellae; pseudopodia or both

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7
Q

Give an example of a sarcodina?

A

entamoeba

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8
Q

What is a mastigophora?

A

move by flagella

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9
Q

Give an example of a mastigophora?

A

giardia

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10
Q

What defines an apicomplexa?

A

no organelle of locomotion

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11
Q

Give an example of an apicomplexia?

A

plasmodium

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12
Q

What defines ciliophora?

A

move by cilia

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13
Q

Give an example of ciliophora?

A

balantidium

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14
Q

What defines microspora?

A

spore-forming

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15
Q

Give an example of a microspora?

A

entercytozoa

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16
Q

What are the 2 phyla of metazoa?

A

nematodes and platyhelminithes

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17
Q

What are nematodes?

A

round worms (tubes)

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18
Q

What are the 2 classes of platyhelminthes?

A

cestodes and trematodes

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19
Q

What are platyhelminithes?

A

flat worms-dorsoventrally flattened

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20
Q

What are the differences between cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)?

A

cestodes are segmented by have no alimentary canal whereas trematodes are non-segmented with 2 suckers and no head but have an alimentary canal

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21
Q

Give an example of a cestode?

A

taenia

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22
Q

Give an example of a nematode?

A

roudnworm-ascaris

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23
Q

Give examples of trematodes?

A

fasciolopsis; schistosoma

24
Q

What are the RFs for getting GI parasitic infections?

A

infected water or food; immunosuppression; nutritional deficiency; foreign travel; oro-anal intercourse

25
What are the 4 anatomic locations of GI parasites?
lumen only; mucosal attachment; epithelial cell invasion; mucosal invasion
26
Give an exmaple of a parasite which remins in the lumen only?
ascaris ; entamoeba
27
Give an example of parasites which attach to the mucosa?
giardia lamlia; tapeworm
28
give an exmple of parasites which invade the epithelia?
microsporidia
29
Give an example of a parasite whic hinvades the mucosa?
balantium coli
30
What is the infective dose required for giardia?
very low- 10-25 cysts
31
How do giardia multiply?
by binary fission
32
How do giardia trophozoites attach to the intestines?
attach to villi by ventral sucking disk
33
How does giardia cause diarrhoea?
attachment physically disrupts intestinal absorption
34
What causes giardiasis?
giardia lamblia
35
What causes amoebiasis?
entamoeba histolytica
36
What is the infecitous form of giardia?
cyst form
37
What are teh 3 forms of amoebiasis disease?
carrier; intestinal or extra-intestinal
38
What are the features of intestinal amoebiasis?
abdo pain; colitis- flask shaped ulcers and bloody diarrhoea
39
What are the features of extra-intestinal amoebiasis?
liver; lung and brain abscesses- fever; leukocytosis and rigors
40
Where is cryptosporidiosis found in the intestines?
brush border of the intestinal epithelium
41
How do cryptosporidia replicate?
schizogony- asexual
42
What is the infectious agent in cryptosporidiosis?
thick walled oocyst (sporulated)
43
What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?
watery discharge
44
How does trichomonas replicate?
longitudinal binary fission
45
What is the most common helminithic infection worldwide?
ascariasis
46
What is found in the ascaris eggs infested by humans?
larval worm
47
What happens when the ingested eggs of ascaris are released?
penetrates the duodenal wall; enters the bloodstream, liver, heart and pulmonary cicrulation
48
What is the feature of ascariasis in the lungs?
hypersensitivty penumonitis resembling an asthmatic attack
49
what is the tx for ascariasis?
mebendazole
50
What is the function of preserving faecal specimens in 10% formalin?
preserves parasitic morphology
51
What is used for giardia detection in stoll samples?
ELISA
52
What is saline wet mount examination sued for identification of?
trophozoites; cysts of protozoa; ova/larvae of helminths
53
What is iodine wet mount used for identification of?
protozoal cysts
54
What type of drug is generally used for parasitic infections?
"azole" drugs
55
What drug is used for most protozoa?
metronidazole