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Module 2 > Parasitic infections of the GI and GU tracts > Flashcards

Parasitic infections of the GI and GU tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite?

A

organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

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2
Q

How are protozoa classified?

A

according to their movement

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3
Q

What are the 4 classifications of protozoa?

A

sacromastigophora; apicomplexa; ciliophora and microspora

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4
Q

What are hte further divisions of sacromastigophora?

A

sarcodina and mastigophora

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5
Q

How do sarcodina move?

A

by pseudopodia

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6
Q

What characterises sarcomastigophora?

A

flagellae; pseudopodia or both

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7
Q

Give an example of a sarcodina?

A

entamoeba

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8
Q

What is a mastigophora?

A

move by flagella

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9
Q

Give an example of a mastigophora?

A

giardia

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10
Q

What defines an apicomplexa?

A

no organelle of locomotion

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11
Q

Give an example of an apicomplexia?

A

plasmodium

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12
Q

What defines ciliophora?

A

move by cilia

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13
Q

Give an example of ciliophora?

A

balantidium

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14
Q

What defines microspora?

A

spore-forming

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15
Q

Give an example of a microspora?

A

entercytozoa

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16
Q

What are the 2 phyla of metazoa?

A

nematodes and platyhelminithes

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17
Q

What are nematodes?

A

round worms (tubes)

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18
Q

What are the 2 classes of platyhelminthes?

A

cestodes and trematodes

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19
Q

What are platyhelminithes?

A

flat worms-dorsoventrally flattened

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20
Q

What are the differences between cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)?

A

cestodes are segmented by have no alimentary canal whereas trematodes are non-segmented with 2 suckers and no head but have an alimentary canal

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21
Q

Give an example of a cestode?

A

taenia

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22
Q

Give an example of a nematode?

A

roudnworm-ascaris

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23
Q

Give examples of trematodes?

A

fasciolopsis; schistosoma

24
Q

What are the RFs for getting GI parasitic infections?

A

infected water or food; immunosuppression; nutritional deficiency; foreign travel; oro-anal intercourse

25
Q

What are the 4 anatomic locations of GI parasites?

A

lumen only; mucosal attachment; epithelial cell invasion; mucosal invasion

26
Q

Give an exmaple of a parasite which remins in the lumen only?

A

ascaris ; entamoeba

27
Q

Give an example of parasites which attach to the mucosa?

A

giardia lamlia; tapeworm

28
Q

give an exmple of parasites which invade the epithelia?

A

microsporidia

29
Q

Give an example of a parasite whic hinvades the mucosa?

A

balantium coli

30
Q

What is the infective dose required for giardia?

A

very low- 10-25 cysts

31
Q

How do giardia multiply?

A

by binary fission

32
Q

How do giardia trophozoites attach to the intestines?

A

attach to villi by ventral sucking disk

33
Q

How does giardia cause diarrhoea?

A

attachment physically disrupts intestinal absorption

34
Q

What causes giardiasis?

A

giardia lamblia

35
Q

What causes amoebiasis?

A

entamoeba histolytica

36
Q

What is the infecitous form of giardia?

A

cyst form

37
Q

What are teh 3 forms of amoebiasis disease?

A

carrier; intestinal or extra-intestinal

38
Q

What are the features of intestinal amoebiasis?

A

abdo pain; colitis- flask shaped ulcers and bloody diarrhoea

39
Q

What are the features of extra-intestinal amoebiasis?

A

liver; lung and brain abscesses- fever; leukocytosis and rigors

40
Q

Where is cryptosporidiosis found in the intestines?

A

brush border of the intestinal epithelium

41
Q

How do cryptosporidia replicate?

A

schizogony- asexual

42
Q

What is the infectious agent in cryptosporidiosis?

A

thick walled oocyst (sporulated)

43
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A

watery discharge

44
Q

How does trichomonas replicate?

A

longitudinal binary fission

45
Q

What is the most common helminithic infection worldwide?

A

ascariasis

46
Q

What is found in the ascaris eggs infested by humans?

A

larval worm

47
Q

What happens when the ingested eggs of ascaris are released?

A

penetrates the duodenal wall; enters the bloodstream, liver, heart and pulmonary cicrulation

48
Q

What is the feature of ascariasis in the lungs?

A

hypersensitivty penumonitis resembling an asthmatic attack

49
Q

what is the tx for ascariasis?

A

mebendazole

50
Q

What is the function of preserving faecal specimens in 10% formalin?

A

preserves parasitic morphology

51
Q

What is used for giardia detection in stoll samples?

A

ELISA

52
Q

What is saline wet mount examination sued for identification of?

A

trophozoites; cysts of protozoa; ova/larvae of helminths

53
Q

What is iodine wet mount used for identification of?

A

protozoal cysts

54
Q

What type of drug is generally used for parasitic infections?

A

“azole” drugs

55
Q

What drug is used for most protozoa?

A

metronidazole

Module 2 (38 decks)

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