TB

Question 1

TB pathogen

Answer 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis
rod shaped gram positive bacillus
acid fast characteristics
slow growing

Question 2

transmission

Answer 2

aerosol route

Question 3

clinical outcome

Answer 3

miliary 
meningeal
pulmonary - widespread
pulmonary - localised 
localised extrapulmonary
lymph node 
healthy contact

Question 4

diagnosis of active TB

Answer 4

history and exam
simple blood tests
radiology/imaging
microbiology and histology

Question 5

microbiology and histology

Answer 5

specimens - sputum x3, gastric washings, bronchoalveolar lavage, 3 early morning urines, biopsies
procedures - microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine), culture (solid phase, liquid phase, drug sensitivities), histology( granulomata with central caseous necrosis

Question 6

treatment for active

Answer 6

RIPE for 2 months
RI for another 2 months
rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Question 7

treatment for latent

Answer 7

RI for 3 months
I for 6 months
rifampicin, isoniazid

Question 8

immune response

Answer 8

phagocytosis
immune recognition and innate effector mechanisms
slow onset of Th-1 biased adaptive immunity
enhanced effector mechanisms

Question 9

CMI

Answer 9

cell mediated Th-1 biased immunity is key to successful anit-tuberculous immune responses