physiology

Question 1

internal respiration

Answer 1

intracellular mechanisms which consumes oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

Question 2

external respiration

Answer 2

ventilation
exchange in lungs
transport
exchange in tissues

Question 3

Boyles law

Answer 3

at any constant temperature the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas. as the volume of a gas increases the pressure exerted by the gas decreases

Question 4

forced vital capacity

Answer 4

maximum volume of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs following a maximum inspiration

Question 5

forced expiratory volume in one second

Answer 5

volume of air that can be expired the first second of FVC

Question 6

FEV1/FVC

Answer 6

more than 70%

Question 7

obstructive lung disease

Answer 7

lower FEV1

low FEV1/FVC

Question 8

restrictive lung disease

Answer 8

lower FVC and FEV1

normal FEV1/FVC

Question 9

dynamic airway compression

Answer 9

is the rising pleural pressure during active expiration compresses the alveoli and airways
makes active expiration more difficult in patients with airway obstruction

Question 10

pulmonary compliance

Answer 10

measure of effort put into stretching or distending the lungs

Question 11

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 11

tidal volume x respiratory rate

volume of air breathed in and out per minute

Question 12

alveolar ventilation

Answer 12

(tidal volume - dead space) x respiratory rate

volume of air exchange between atmosphere and alveolar per minute

Question 13

ventilation perfusion

Answer 13

mismatch is resolved by smooth muscle action of airways and arterioles

Question 14

alveolar dead space

Answer 14

ventilated alveoli that are not perfused

Question 15

rate of gas exchange is influenced by

Answer 15

partial pressure gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide
diffusion coefficient for oxygen and carbon dioxide
surface area if alveolar membrane
thickness of alveolar membrane

Question 16

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 16

the total pressure exerted by gaseous mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each component

Question 17

Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 17

amount of gas that moves across a sheet of tissue in unit time is proportional to the area of the sheet and inversely proportional to its thickness

Question 18

Henry’s law

Answer 18

amount of a given gas dissolve in a given type and volume of liquid at a constant temperature proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 19

oxygen delivery index

Answer 19

oxygen content of arterial blood x cardiac index

Question 20

means of carbon dioxide transport

Answer 20

solution 10%
bicarbonate 60%
carbamino compounds 30%

Question 21

Haldane effect

Answer 21

is removing oxygen from Hb increases the ability of Hb to pick up CO2 and CO2 generated H+, workes with the Bohr effect

Question 22

Bohr effect

Answer 22

the oxygen dissociation curve is shifted right due to conditions in the tissues, meaning more oxygen is released

Question 23

where is breathing controlled

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

dorsal firing

Answer 24

results in inspiration - active

Question 25

gaps in dorsal firing

Answer 25

results in expiration - passive

Question 26

increased dorsal firing

Answer 26

activates ventral firing causing forceful expiration - active

Question 27

PC in pons

Answer 27

stimulation terminates inspiration

is stimulated when dorsal fire, regulates rhythm

Question 28

apneustic centre

Answer 28

excites inspiratory medulla