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Respiratory Medicine > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common causative organisms?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovii
Mycobacterium africanum

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2
Q

What is primary TB?

A

Spread by droplets and engulfed by macropahges

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3
Q

Where does primary TB tend to effect?

A

Hilum

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4
Q

What is secondary TB?

A

Reactivation of TB due to immune impairment

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5
Q

Where does secondary TB tend to effect?

A

Apices

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6
Q

What is miliary TB?

A

Occurs when primary infection is not contained and spreads to bloodstream

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7
Q

What are risk factors for TB?

A 
Contact with TB
Foreign travel 
Immunosuppressed
IV drug users
Homeless
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of respiratory TB?

A 
B symptoms 
Cough 
SOB 
Haemopytsis 
Malaise
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9
Q

What are symptoms of non-respiratory TB?

A

Erythema nodosum
Meningitis symtpms
Lymphadenopathy
Bone pain

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10
Q

How do you investigate suspected TB?

A

Sputum culture - acid fast bacilli

Bloods

  • quantiferon gold
  • blood borne virus screen

CXR
CT chest

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11
Q

What stain do you use for TB?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen

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12
Q

What medium is TB sputum cultured on?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen slope

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13
Q

What are the CXR findings in TB?

A

Consolidation

Cavitating lesion

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14
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary TB?

A

Rifampicin 6/12
Isoniazid 6/12
Pyrazinamide 2/12
Ethambutol 2/12

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15
Q

What is the treatment for TB meningitis?

A

Rifampicin 12/12
Isoniazid 12/12
Pyrazinamide 2/12
Ethambutol 2/12

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16
Q

What are the side effects of rifampicin?

A

Hepatitis

Orange secretions

17
Q

What are the side effects of isoniazid?

A

Hepatitis
Peripheral neuropathy
Rashes

18
Q

What are the side effects of ethambutol?

A

Optic neuritis

19
Q

What are the side effects of Pyrazinamide?

A

Hepatitis
Arthralgia
Rashes

20
Q

What is MDR TB?

A

Multi drug resistant TB

- resistant to more than one drug

21
Q

What is XDR TB?

A

Extensively drug resistant TB

- resistant to more than 3 drugs

22
Q

Is TB a notifiable disease?

A

Yes

23
Q

What TB prophylaxis is available?

A

BCG

Isoniazid

24
Q

When is prophylaxis indicated?

A

HIV
Recent exposure to TB
No BCG + mantoux >5mm
BCG + mantoux >10mm

25
Q

What is the mantoux test?

A

Injection of dilutions of TB antigen under skin

>10mm = postive 
<5mm = negative

Respiratory Medicine (18 decks)

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