Lung Cancer Flashcards
What is the most common type of lung cancer?
Bronchial
What common cancers metastasise to the lungs?
Breast
Prostate
Ovarian
Renal cell
What are cannonball mestastases?
Metastases from
- prostate
- ovary
- kidney
Circular ‘cannonball’ appearance on x-ray
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking Occupation (dye workers, agricultural workers) Asbestos Family history Increasing age
What cancer is associated with asbestos?
Mesothelioma
What are the 2 broad categories of lung cancer?
Small cell
Non small cell
What is small cell lung cancer?
Neuroendocrine tumours that arise from Kulchitksy cells
What are complications of SCLC?
SiADH
Secondary cushing’s disease
What is the prognosis of SCLC?
Poor
- rapid growing
What is non small cell lung cancer?
Anyother type of lung cancer
What are the types of NSCLC?
Squamous Adenocarcinoma Large cell Carcinoid Bronchoalveolar
How does sqaumous NSCLC present?
Obstructive lesions of bronchus
Where does squamous NSCLC spread?
Locally
How does adenocarcinoma NSCLC present?
Mucous cells
Invasion of pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes
What is adenocarcinoma NSCLC associated with?
Asbestos
Non-smokers
Where does adenocarcinoma NSCLC spread?
Brain
Bone
What is the presentation of lung cancer?
Cough
SoB
Chest pain
Haemoptysis
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
What are the complications of lung cancer?
Horner’s syndrome
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
SVC obstruction
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Interuption of face’s sympathetic supply due to apical tumour
What are the symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?
Ipsilateral
- ptosis - droopy eyelid
- miosis - pupil constriction
- enopthalmos - sunken eye
- anhydrosis - lack of sweating
What is the sign of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?
Hoarse voice
What are signs of SVC obstruction?
Swollen face
Swollen arms
Dyspnoea
What are investigations for suspected lung cancer?
ECG CXR Bloods - FBC, U+Es, CRP CT CAP Bronchoscopy Biopsy
How is the diagnosis of lung cancer made?
Good imaging + biopsy
