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Biology > Taxonomy Quiz > Flashcards

Taxonomy Quiz Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

____ divided living things into 2 groups. What were the groups?

A

Aristotle; Plants & Animals

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2
Q

Who was the father of modern taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linneaus

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3
Q

Order in binomial nomenclature

A

Genus species

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4
Q

What are the 3 physical appearance classifications, explain.

A

Asymmetrical= irregular
Bilateral=2 halves look alike
Radial=parts radiate out from the center

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5
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

shows relationships & evolutionary history

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6
Q

List 8 levels of taxonomy

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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7
Q

3 domains & 6 kingdoms

A

Archaea=archaebacteria
Bacteria=eubacteria
eukarya=protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

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8
Q

What are viruses?

A

not in domains/kingdoms
nonliving
not made of cells
cannot reproduce w/o a host cell

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9
Q

what do viruses look like?

A

capsid
nucleic acid
tail

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10
Q

what are the viral replication cycles called?

A

lytic & lysogenic cycles

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11
Q

what is the lytic cycle?

A
  1. virus attaches to the cell
  2. DNA from the virus enters the cell
  3. The cell makes new viral DNA and proteins
  4. New viruses are assembled from the proteins and DNA
  5. The cell breaks open and the viruses are released
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12
Q

What is the lysogenic cycle?

A

viral nucleic acid becomes part of the host cell’s chromosome and forms provirus that can be activated to enter lytic cycle

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13
Q

Archebacteria

A 
kingdom
prokaryote
unicellular
cell wall
live in extreme environments
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14
Q

Eubacteira

A

kingdom
unicellular
cell wall
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

Binary Fission

A

asexual reproduction

  1. copies chromosome (DNA replication)
  2. chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
  3. cell splits in half
  4. results in 2 genetically identical cells
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16
Q

Conjugation

A

sexual reproduction

  1. cells connect and transfer circular DNA (plasmids)
  2. bacteria with new genetic composition formed
    - creates variation
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17
Q

3 helpful bacteria

A

Nitrogen fixing=makes nitrogen and that’s used by plants and then eaten by animals

Decomposers=recycle nutrients

Transgenic=contains recombinant DNA that makes human insulin and human growth hormone

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18
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

needs oxygen
makes water, more ATP, CO2
do not have mitochondria

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19
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

does not need oxygen

makes less ATP, CO2, lactic acid, alcohol

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20
Q

Antigen

A

recognizes things that cause infections (pathogens)

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21
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins that fight infections

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22
Q

Memory Cells

A

remembers which antibody worked

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23
Q

Killer Cells

A

identifies cells that are infected and eats them so they can’t spread the disease

24
Q

Protist

A

most unicellular, can be multi

lives in watery environment

25
Q

3 types of protists

A

animal-like
fungi-like
plant-like

26
Q

Animal-like protist

A

heterotroph

no cell wall

27
Q

Fungi-like protist

A

heterotroph

cell wall

28
Q

Plank-like protist

A

autotroph
photosynthetic
cell wall

29
Q

Amoeba (FEEDING & MOVEMENT)

A

protist
heterotroph
Feeding-uses pseudopods (finger-like projections) to form food vacuoles
Movement-form as cytoplasm flows in specific direction

30
Q

Paramecium (FEEDING & MOVEMENT-paramecia)

A

protist
heterotroph
MUST EAT FOOD
Feeding-uses cilia to funnel food into oral groove
Movement-cilia moves protist through water

31
Q

Euglena (FEEDING & MOVEMENT)

A 
protist
autotroph
chloroplasts
eye spot to detect light
Movement-uses flagella for movement
32
Q

What 2 reproductions can protists do?

A

binary fission & conjugation

33
Q

Algae

A

protist
autotroph
does most photosynthesis

34
Q

Fungi

A

kingdom
heterotroph
cell wall- chitin
does decomposition

35
Q

Rhizoids

A

fungi

  1. grow down into food source
  2. secretes enzymes that digest food
  3. absorbs nutrients to feed fungus
36
Q

Reproductive hyphae

A
  1. grow up and form sporangia (spore cases)

2. spores burst out of case and land on other food sources

37
Q

Animalia

A

kingdom
multicellular
no cell walls
heterotroph

38
Q

Plantae

A 
kingdom
eukaryotic
producer
autotroph
photosynthetic
cell wall-cellulose
larger than animal cells
39
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

CO2 + H20 + energy –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

40
Q

Moss

A 
spore plants
no true roots, stems, leaves
nonvascular
water and nutrients move by diffusion
reproduce with spores
grow in shady, damp areas
41
Q

Ferns

A 
spore plants
true roots, stems, and leaves
vascular (xylem & phloem)
reproduce with spores
grow in shady, damp areas
42
Q

cotyledon

A

embryo in seed plant

43
Q

Gymnosperms

A

produce cones

needle-like leaves

44
Q

Cones (male vs female)

A

pollen cones containing sperm-male

seed cones containing eggs-female

45
Q

Angiosperms

A

produce flowers/fruits
broad leaves
drop their leaves

46
Q

Flowers (male vs female)

A

stamen with anther (has pollen w/ sperm)-male

pistil with ovaries (has ovules w/ eggs)-female

47
Q

Pollination

A

Pollen transferred from stamen to pistil

48
Q

Fertilization

A

sperm travel down pollen tube and joins w/ egg

49
Q

Germination

A

growth of plant from seed

ends dormant period of seed

50
Q

Root

A

plant tissue

absorbs minerals and water from soil

51
Q

Stem

A

plant tissue

transports water and minerals up (xylem) and food down (phloem)

52
Q

Leaves

A

plant tissue
site of photosynthesis
transpiration occurs through leaves

53
Q

Xylem & phloem

A

vascular tissue
X-moves water and minerals up
P-moves food down from leaves

54
Q

Spongy layer

A

vascular tissue

CO2 in O2 out

55
Q

Stomata

A

vascular tissue
CO2 in, O2 & H2O out
has guard cells
regulates transpiration

56
Q

Guard cells

A

vascular tissue
water in–> swell and bend to open stomata
water out –> shrink and close the stomata

57
Q

Transpiration

A 
plants lose water to atmosphere
open stomata=increase in transpiration
destruction of rainforest=decrease in transpiration
water moves from biotic-->abiotic
part of water cycle

Biology (6 decks)

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