Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Division, Energy, and Organics Test > Flashcards

Cell Division, Energy, and Organics Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

1 celled organisms copy themselves to make more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

2 multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

Moving nutrients in large cells would be slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cellular/binary fission?

A

cell division in unicellular organisms

1 –> 2 (asexual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Parent cell (2n) divides to form 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Meiosis or Mitosis: Somatic/Diploid/Body cells

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meiosis or Mitosis: Gamete/Haploid/Sex cells

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Chromatin (DNA) coils to form chromosomes
Come in pairs
Made of DNA
Made in prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

\ /

/\

A

A=centrimere
B=chromatid
C=chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interphase -4-

A

Cell not dividing
DNA forms chromatin
DNA replicates to become double stranded (ex: X)
Most of cell life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

G1 (Growth/Gap 1/Interphase)

A

cell grows; organelles made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S-Phase (Synthesis/Interphase)

A

DNA replicates (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

G2 (Growth/Gap 2/Interphase)

A

cell grows; preparation for division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitosis -1-

A

makes copy of nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cytokinesis -1-

A

cell/cytoplasm divides

new cells enter interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 steps of mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prophase (Pack/Mitosis)

A

Chromatin (DNA) PACKS into coils forming chromosomes
chromosomes can be seen
nuclear membrane breaks down
spindle fibers form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metaphase (Middle/Mitosis)

A

Chromosomes line up separately in single file across the MIDDLE (equator) of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anaphase (Away/Mitosis)

A

Chromatids of double stranded chromosomes seperate

Single stranded chromosomes move AWAY from the middle of the cell as spindle fibers shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Telophase (Two/Mitosis)

A

Cell membrane pinches in the middle to begin forming TWO new cells
nuclear membrane reforms around each nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mitosis or Meiosis:

2n –> 2n

A

MITOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mitosis or Meiosis:

2n –> n

A

MEIOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prophase 1 (Meiosis)

A

Homologous (XX) chromosomes join together to form a tetrad
spindle fibers form
crossing over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

A

code for same traits but NOT identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is crossing over?

A

exchange of genetic information between chromosomes

27
Q

Metaphase 1 (Meiosis)

A

paired chromosomes line up across the equator

spindle fibers attach

28
Q

Anaphase 1 (Meiosis)

A

Homologous chromosomes separate

double stranded chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of cell

29
Q

Telophase 1 (Meiosis)

A

Center pinches cell into 2 cells, each containing 1/2 of genetic info
double stranded

30
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm divides

2 new cells w/ half the number of chromosomes formed

31
Q

What is the order of steps (10) in Meiosis?

A 
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Cytokinesis
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
Cytokinesis
32
Q

Prophase 2

A

same as Prophase

33
Q

Metaphase 2

A

same as Metaphase

34
Q

Anaphase 2

A

same as Anaphase

35
Q

Telophase 2

A

same as Telophase

36
Q

Cytokinesis 2

A

cytoplasm divides

4 new cells formed

37
Q

How many cells are made from mitosis/meiosis?

A

2;4

38
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

picture of chromosome pairs that can show abnormalities

39
Q

What is Trisomy 21 and another name for it?

A

An extra chromosome in pair 21; Down’s syndrome

40
Q

What is crossing over?

A

When homologous pairs of chromosomes mix DNA

41
Q

What happens to energy when bonds are made?

ADP –> ATP

A

Energy is stored

42
Q

When happens to energy when bonds break?

ATP –> ADP

A

Energy is released

43
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

plants turn sun’s energy into chemical and consumable glucose

44
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast

45
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O + energy –> C6H12O2 + O2

46
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

uses glucose from photosynthesis to produce ATP (energy)

47
Q

Where does cellular respiration happen?

A

mitochondria

48
Q

Cellular Respiration equation

A

C6H12O2 + H2O + O2 –> energy + CO2 + H2O

49
Q

Where does aerobic/anaerobic respiration happen?

A

mitochrondria/cytoplasm

50
Q

Aerobic respiration (3)

A

uses oxygen
makes ATP, CO2, H2O
makes more ATP

51
Q

Anaerobic respiration (5)

A

no oxygen
produces ATP and CO2
makes less ATP
happens when oxygen is limited/when no mitochondria
creates lactic acid in mammals, alcohol, & CO2 in yeast

52
Q

Carbohydrates

A

CHO - short term energy

53
Q

Lipids

A

CHO - long term energy storage

54
Q

Proteins

A

CHON - structure and regulation

55
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

CHONP - code for proteins

56
Q

What is a monomer?

What is a polymer?

A

ex: one bead of a necklace
ex: the necklace

57
Q

What are the 4 types of monomers?

A
  1. Sugars
  2. Fatty acids
  3. amino acids
  4. nucleotides
58
Q

What are lipids made of? What bond?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

Fatty acids link together w/ covalent bonds to form lipids

59
Q

What are carbs made of? What bond?

A

twice as much hydrogen as carbon and oxygen

Simple sugars (monosaccharides) link together w/ covalent bonds to form polysaccharides (polymer)

60
Q

What is another mono/poly ex. of carb?

A

Glucose (mono) starch (poly)

61
Q

What are the 4 ex. of carbs?

A
  1. Starch in plants for energy storage
  2. Glycogen in animals for energy storage
  3. Cellulose to give support in cell wall
  4. Chitin for support in exoskeletons
62
Q

What is an enzyme? Bonds?

A

Protein; peptide bond

63
Q

Nucleic Acid: mono/bond

A

Nucleotide/covalent

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions