Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Evolution Flashcards
Biodiversity
the variety of life
Domain
The highest ranked taxa
The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Based on cell type (prokaryotes, Eukaryotes)
Kingdom
second highest rank 6 types (Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia)
Phylum
3 highest rank
Class
4 highest rank
Order
5 highest rank
Family
6 highest rank
Genus
7 highest rank
Species
individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Phylogeny
the history of the evolution of a species or group
Taxonomy
classification of living organism
Binomial Nomenclature
system of naming organisms
Classification
grouping living organisms
Taxon
a single group
Common Ancestor
An ancestor shared by two or more descendant species.
Phylogenetic Tree
a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.
Homologous Structure
similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions.
Prokaryotic Cell
no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
membrane bound organelles
Dichotomous Key
ask yes or no questions to classify a newly discovered organism compared to existing organisms
Autotroph
produces its own food
can either be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic
Heterotroph
eats other organisms to get energy
natural selection
the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.
Artificial Selection
the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations
How to classify species
dichotomous keys
The correct format for writing out the name of an organism
both Genus and species are italicized or underlined
Genus is capitalized, species is lower case
Anatomical evidence
do structures of the organisms look the same
Physiological evidence
do the proteins and enzymes in the cell work the same
Genetic evidence
how genetically closely related are the genes and the proteins they make
what are the 6 kingdoms
1.Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Protista
4.Plantae
5. Fungi
6. Animalia
how did the 6 kingdoms come to be
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700s
similarities between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles prokaryotes are 1/10th the size of eukaryotic cells
general characteristics bacteria
Prokaryote, unicellular, cell wall made of peptidoglycan, Autotrophs and heterotrophs, Asexual
general characteristics archaea
Prokaryote , unicellular, polysaccharides, autotrophs and heterotrophs , Asexual
general characteristics Protista
Eukaryote, uni or multicellular, cell wall idk, autotrophs, Asexual and sexual
general characteristics plantae
eukaryote, multicellular, cell wall cellulose, autotrophs, Sexual
general characteristics fungi
eukaryote, mostly multicellular, cell wall chitin, heterotrophs, Sexual
general characteristics animalia
eukaryote, multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophs, sexual
