Bacteria

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

small single-celled organisms, mostly free-living organisms, part of the domain prokaryotes

Question 2

Archaea

Answer 2

a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria. has characteristics of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Question 3

Cocci

Answer 3

sphere

Question 4

Bacilli

Answer 4

rod-shaped

Question 5

Unicellular

Answer 5

single celled

Question 6

Aerobic

Answer 6

needs oxygen to live

Question 7

Anaerobic

Answer 7

doesn’t need oxygen to live

Question 8

binary fission

Answer 8

similar to mitosis bt for reproduction and offspring is genetically identical to parent

Question 9

conjugation

Answer 9

one cell passes a copy of its plasmid to another

Question 10

plasmid

Answer 10

an accessory loop of DNA, contains few genes and can be responsible for conjugation, antibiotic resistance, unique metabolic properties (bio remediation; ability to break down hydrocarbons)

Question 11

endospore

Answer 11

bacteria forms this when under unfavourable conditions. Original cell replicates its DNA that becomes surrounded by a durable wall

Question 12

gram positive

Answer 12

bacteria without extra membrane, appear purple and absorbs stain

Question 13

gram negative

Answer 13

bacteria with extra membrane, appear pink, doesn’t absorb stain

Question 14

similarities between bacteria and archaea

Answer 14

DNA and synthesis, both are prokaryotes

Question 15

differences between bacteria and archaea

Answer 15

archaea have the ability to survive harsh environments

Question 16

generalized bacterial characteristics

Answer 16

unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, 1/10th of a eukaryotic cell, reproduction binary fission, circular DNA without nuclear membrane, flagella

Question 17

how does binary fission work

Answer 17

1. parent cell duplicates chromosome
2. continued growth of cell
3. division into two cells

Question 18

how does conjugation work

Answer 18

1. special pilus forms a conjugation bridge between two bacterial cells
2. doner cell copies its plasmid and sends the copy through the bridge
3. cell separate and recipient bacteria incorporates new alleles into its genome by crossing over

Question 19

what are the benefits of conjugation

Answer 19

provides the recipient bacterium with some sort of genetic advantage

Question 20

what are the benefits of plasmids

Answer 20

virulence and unique nutrient sources

Question 21

how are bacteria used to produce insulin

Answer 21

insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium

Question 22

how are plasmids used to produce insulin

Question 23

spirilli

Answer 23

spiral shaped