Taxonomy - Eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
Diplomonads
A
- have two nuclei of equal size
- have *mitosomes
- key genera: giardia
2
Q
Parabasalids
A
- contain a parabasal body
- NO mitochondria
- have *hydrogenosomes for anaerobic metabolism
- live in intestinal tracts as parasites or symbionts
- key genera: Trichomonas
3
Q
Green algae
A
- chlorophytes
- mostly in freshwater
- unicellular or multicellular
- sexual and asexual reproduction
4
Q
Red algae
A
- rhodophytes
- mostly marine
- red from phycoerythrin (accessory pigment)
- increase depth, increase phycoerythrin
- Most multicellular, some unicellular
5
Q
secondary endosymbiosis
A
when a eukaryotic cell engulfed either a green or red alga
6
Q
Diplomonads and parabasalids
A
- unicellular
- flagellated
- no chloroplast
- *anoxic habitats
7
Q
mitosome
A
- no enzymes of the TCA
- no ETC
- involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur clusters
- reduced form of mitochondrion
8
Q
hydrogenosome
A
- present in eukaryotes whose **metabolism is strictly fermentative
- sometimes H2 consuming endosymbiotic archaea are also present: *primary endosymbiosis
9
Q
cysts
A
- protect cells against deleterious environmental conditions
- survive long periods of starvation
- survive infection by prokaryotes
10
Q
Euglenozoans
A
-unicellular flagellated eukaryotes
11
Q
kinetoplastid
A
- euglenozoan
- kinetoplast: mass of circular DNA present in their single, large mitochondrion**
- aquatic
12
Q
Euglenids
A
- nonpaethogenic
- phototrophic
- will lose chloroplasts if in dark for too long
- phagocytosis
13
Q
alveolates
A
- alveoli: sacs underneath the cytoplasmic membrane that fxn to help cells maintain osmotic balance
- ex: paramecium
- ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans
14
Q
ciliates
A
- cilia at some stage of life
- cilia used for motility and to obtain food
- two nuclei
- conjugatoin - exchange micronuclei
- can be parasites or symbionts
15
Q
dinoflagellates
A
- freshwater
- phototrophic
- two flagella: transverse and longitudinal
- free-living or symbionts with coral
16
Q
red tides
A
- dense suspensions of dinoflagellates
- present in warm, polluted waters
- toxic
17
Q
apicomplexa
A
- obligate parasites
- life cycle: sporozoite, ganetocyte
- apicoplast: degenerate chloroplasts that lack pigments and phototrophic capacity, but still carry anabolic pathways
- ex. plasmodium
18
Q
Stramenopiles
A
- **all have flagella with many short hairlike extensions
- oomycetes or golden algae
19
Q
oomycetes
A
- chemoheterotroph
- stramenopile
- cellulose cell walls
- water molds
20
Q
golden algae
A
- phototroph
- stramenopile
- most unicellular some colonial
- chloroplasts with carotenoids
21
Q
diatoms
A
- unicellular
- phototrophic
- frustules: cell walls made of silica with proteins and polysaccharids attached to it (protection)
22
Q
cercozoans
A
- foraminifera
- exclusively marine
- **tests (shells)are made from organic materials reinforced with calcium carbonate
- **threadlike pseudopodia
- unicellular
23
Q
radiolarians
A
- **threadlike pseudopodia
- **tests (shells) made of silica
- radial symmetry
- unicellular
24
Q
amoebozoa
A
- pseudopodia
- gymnamoebas: free living, soil and aquatic
- entamoebas: parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates
25
Q
Plasmodial slime mold
A
- amoebozoa
- **have vegetative forms that are masses of protoplasm (cytoplasms, nucleus, organelles) of indefinite size and shape (plasmodium) that contain multiple nuclei
26
Q
cellular slime mold
A
- vegetative forms composed of single amoebae (haploid)
- **aggregate of separate amoeboid cells forms a pseudoplasmodium
27
Q
Fungi
A
- chitin cell wall
- hyphae can produce asexual spores called conidia
