Taxonomy Flashcards
What is Taxonomy + Their 2 main purposes
The science of classifying living things.
1. Identify
2. Relationships between each organism
Early Taxonomy
- Aristotle
- Ranks by Adv to most Gen
Present Taxonomic Systems
- Carl Linnaeus
- More features that R common between the organisms, the closer they are related.
What is rank
Level in classification
What is Taxon
The name of each rank
Levels of Classification
Domain (Prokaryote, Eukaryotes, Achaea)
Super Kingdom
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
6 Kingdom system
Plantae
Animalia
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Archae Bacteria
What is the Phylogeny’s evolution system (classification)?
- / the organism into 2 groups … plantae & animalia
- Looked into microscope and saw that there were more organisms … Protista
- Found out that fungi was “plant like” but did not photosensitize … Fungi & Bacteria
- 1990’s new kingdom of specific bacteria in extreme environments was added … Archaebacteria
What did Carl von Linne do
He developed naming system for species
What is Binomial nomenclature
- 2 word Latin name to each species
- 1st part is genus, 2nd is species
What are Genus
Taxonomic group of species
What are Species
Organisms that can be interbreed in nature and can produce fertile offspring.
What is Morphology and their concept
The function and structure of the organisms.
- Focuses on morphology of an organism
- Realize on comparisons R completed –> scientist decide if similar organisms represent different species.
What is Phylogeny and their concept
The evolution history of a species.
- Focuses on the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Species is defined as a cluster of organisms that R diff from other clusters and shows a diff pattern of relationship among organisms.
Eg. When a prehistoric species branches into 2 species overtime = 2 diff phylogenic species.
What are the 3 species concepts called?
- Morphological Species
- Biolgical Species
- Phylogenetic Species
What is Biological Species and their concept
Whether 2 organisms can produce fertile offspring.
- Focuses on the similar characteristics and the ability for organisms to interbreed in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring.
- If 2 organisms mate natural = 2 individuals R the same species.
Morphological Advantages/ Disadvantages
A:- Very simple, used for plants a lot.
D: - Deciding how much difference is between individuals is too much variation.
Biological Advantages/ Disadvantages
A: - Used a lot.
D: - Can not be applied to all cases.
Eg. When 2 populations R physically separated, they cannot interbreed = no viable offspring test used.
- Cannot not be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually nor fossil species.
Phylogenetic Advantages/ Disadvantages
A: - Applied to extinct species.
- Considers information about relationships among organism learned from DNA —> scientist R using this more!!!
Eg. it was through looking @ DNA, scientist were able to classify the pink iguana as a new species.
D: - Evolution histories R not known for all species.
