Mitochondrion VS Chloroplast, Cell Membrane!!!

Question 1

Mitochondrion Function

Answer 1

To carry out the reactions of cellular respiration.

Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration equation:
C6(tiny) H12(tiny) O6(tiny) + 6O2(tiny) –> 6CO2 +6H2(tiny) O+ ENERGY (ATP)

Series of reactions that make ATP which is the form of energy that cells use in living things!

Question 2

Mitochondrion Appearance

Answer 2

• Contains 2 membranes:
  1. Smooth outer membrane.
  2. Highly Folded inner membrane…
  That provides many locations for proteins that help make ATP molecules.
• Centered of structure, there is a protein-rich fluid called the matrix.

Question 3

Chloroplast function

Answer 3

Carry’s out the reaction of photosynthesis.

Chloroplast Photosynthesis equation:
6CO2(tiny) + 6H2(tiny) O ———light/chlorophyll———-> C6(tiny) H12(tiny) O6(tiny) + 6O2(tiny)

• Series of reactions that help make food for plants and some bacteria and protist.
• Food cane be stored and used starting materials for that reactions of cellular respiration.

Question 4

Chloroplast Apperance

Answer 4

Contains 2 membranes:
1. Outer membrane
2. Inner Membrane

• Center of the structure, there R stacks of thylakoids that contain pigments such as chlorophyll.

Question 5

What is Fluid?

Answer 5

Components of the membrane moving back and forth.

Question 6

What is a Mosaic?

Answer 6

A bunch of different proteins lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 7

Cell Membrane structure

Answer 7

Phospholipid Bilayer…
- Polar head (phosphate) –> hydrophilic (attracts water)
- Nonpolar tails (2 fatty acid chains) —> hydrophobic (Repels water)

Whole thing is called… Phospholipids.

Question 8

What is Phospholipid?

Answer 8

Liquid with a phosphate group.

Question 9

Parts of Cell Membrane?

Answer 9

1. Phospholipids
2. Membrane Proteins
3. Carbohydrates
4. Cholesterol

Question 10

Types of Cell Membrane Protiens?

Answer 10

Integral Proteins:
Proteins that insert into the membrane.

Peripheral Proteins:
Proteins that are attached to the surface of the cell membrane.

Question 11

What are the 5 functions of cell membrane proteins?

Answer 11

Transportation: Move substances across.
Enzymes: Carry out steps in a metabolic pathway.
Receptor Sites: Once a chemical messenger binds, it indicates a chair of reaction of chemical changes in the cell.
Cell Adhesion: Hold adjacent cells together.
Attachment to the cytoskeleton: Importance of maintain cell shape + fixes location of certain membrane proteins.

Question 12

Membrane Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Some membrane carbohydrates R covalently bonded to lipids: Glycolipids

Most membrane carbohydrates R covalently bonded to proteins: Glycoproteins

Question 13

Function of the Membrane Carbs

Answer 13

Cell to cell recognition:

Allows cells to determine if other cells it faces R similar or diff from itself.
—> identity depends on the composition of the carbohydrate (referred to as the surface marker)

Question 14

What is Cholesterol?

Answer 14

4 fused rings structure embedded within the membrane.

Question 15

Importance of maintaining “Fluidity”

Answer 15

• Most membrane components can drift abt laterally in the plane of the membrane.
• @ Critical low temps, some membranes may solidity:
  —-> The causes in permeability; substances may be unable to get in/out.

—–> Some proteins stop working due to their inability to move.

• @ critical high temps, some membranes become too fluid.
  —-> Causes changes in permeability.
  —–> Large gaps from resulting in “leaks”.