Cells n Organelles!!!

Question 1

What is a Dichotomous Key?

Answer 1

A device that can easily be used to identify an unknown organism.

Question 2

What is a Prokaryote and their features?

Answer 2

• Small in size
• Simple internal organization
• No nucleus (has nucleoid; single loop of DNA)
• No membrane bound organelles such as ER

Eg. Bacteria.

Question 3

What is a Eukaryote?

Answer 3

• Large in size
• Complex internal organization
• Has nucleus
• Has membrane bound organelles

Eg. Plants, Animals, Fungi

Question 4

When did Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and multi celled appear???

Answer 4

Pro: 3.5 bil years ago
Eu: 1.5 bil years ago
M C: 700 mil yrs ago

Question 5

What organelles do both animal and plants have?

Answer 5

Both:
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Nuclear membrane
- Chromosomes
- Nucleolus
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Body
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
- Peroxisome

Question 6

What organelles does only Animal cells have?

Answer 6

1. Cila
2. Fagella
3. Centrosome

Question 7

What organelles does only Plant cells have?

Answer 7

1. Cell wall
2. Central vacuole
3. Plastid
4. Chloroplast

Question 8

What is an organelle?

Answer 8

A structure within the cell and has a function to provide for the cell.

Question 9

What is a Cell Membrane?

Answer 9

• Separates interior for exterior
• Protects Cell wall
• Allows certain substances in and out of the cell

Looks:
- Made of phospholipid Bilayer
- Contains pores

Question 10

What is Cytoplasm?

Answer 10

• Composed of mainly dissolved material and water.
• Environment where “work” is done.
• Includes cytosol.

Cytosol:
- Where chemical reactions occur
- Filled w sugar and water
- Substances surrounding the organelles

Question 11

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 11

• “Control center”
• Contains genetic info to control all cell activities.

Question 12

What is a Nuclear Membrane?

Answer 12

• Protects the contents of the nucleus.
• Surrounds genetic Material.

Question 13

What is Nucleolus??

Answer 13

• Makes Ribosomes

Question 14

What are Nuclear Pores

Answer 14

• Allows certain materials to go in and out of the cell

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

• Contain DNA
• Tells the living things what to do

Question 16

What is a Ribosome?

Answer 16

• Makes Proteins.
• Made of 2 subunits.
• Helps construct polypeptides (proteins) (chain of amino acids).
• Can be membrane bound –> Make proteins to be exported out of cell.
• Cluster of ribosomes = Polyribosomes.

Looks:
- Floating free in cytosol OR attached to rough ER.
- Produced in nucleolus.

Question 17

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 17

Membrane Bound tubes that connected to the nuclear membrane.

Question 18

What is Rough ER

Answer 18

Transports proteins via vesicle.

Question 19

What is Smooth ER

Answer 19

Transport other products to diff locations via vesicles.

Question 20

Golgi (Apparatus) Bodies:

Answer 20

• Protein “Packaging Plant”
• Receives n modifies n stores via vesicle.

Looks: Stack of flatted membrane bound sacs.

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

• “Powerhouse of the cell”
• Make energy for the cell
• Has its own DNA and makes its self proteins.
• Replicated its self on its own demand.
• Provides the cell by energy by breaking down carbohydrates.

Question 22

Lysosome

Answer 22

• “Digestive Plant”
• Sac containing digestive enzymes.
• Used to break down macromolecules and worn out cell components –> materials R recycled.

Question 23

Peroxisome

Answer 23

• Sac containing enzymes
• Breaks down fats, lipids, waste products to less harmful substances.

Question 24

Vacuole

Answer 24

“Storage container” 4 water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments etc…
- Can store water n dissolved substances.

Question 25

CytoSkeleton

Answer 25

- Network of fibers that crisscross though the cytoplasm. - Help support/ maintain the shape of the cell. - Provides "rails" for the organelles to move along.

Question 26

The 3 cytoskeleton looks (tubes)

Answer 26

Microtubules --> Thick, hollow tubes. Microfilaments --> Long thin, web like tubes. Intermediate Fibers --> Tubes with medium thickness.

Question 27

Cilia

Answer 27

- Used for movement. - Short microtubules.

Question 28

Flagella

Answer 28

- Used for movement. - Long microtubules.

Question 29

Centrosome (centrioles)

Answer 29

- Involved with the cell division of chromosomes. - Made of microtubules.

Question 30

Cell wall (Plant)

Answer 30

- Composed of cellulose fibers. --> Add strength + rigidity. - Rigid, protective barrier. - Helps cell maintain its shape. - Found in plant and bacteria cells. - Gaps called, "plasmodesmata" allow movement of substances between neighboring plant cells. Looks: - Located outside of cell membrane. - Made of cellulose (fiber)

Question 31

Central vacuoles (plant)

Answer 31

- 1 large vacuole. - Stores water to maintain "turgid" state.

Question 32

Plastid

Answer 32

- Membraned bounded structure that stores starch, lipids or proteins. - Needs light to activate.

Question 33

Chloroplast

Answer 33

- Contains chlorophyll (pigment) that traps energy from sun to use 4 food (photosynthesis). - Has its own DNA. Looks: - Bounded by a double membrane. - Has its own DNA. Photosynthesis Reaction: Carbon dioxide + water ------------> glucose + oxygen light

Question 34

What organelles does plant and animals both have?

Answer 34

1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus 4. Nuclear Membrane 5. Chromosomes 6. Nucleolus 7. Ribosomes 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum 9. Golgi Body 10. Mitochondria 11. Lysosome 12. Peroxisome 13. Vacuole 14. CytoSkeleton

Question 35

What organelles do plants only have?

Answer 35

1. Cell wall 2. Central Vacuole 3. Plastid 4. Chlorolpast