TAXATION DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

Question 1

Taxation during the Spanish period was

Answer 1

COMPULSORY

Question 2

All Spanish colonies in America and the Philippines were required to pay taxes for two reasons:

Answer 2

(1) as recognition of Spain’s sovereignty over the colonies, and
(2) to defray the expenses of pacification (the act of forcibly suppressing hostility within the colonies) and governance, thereafter.

Question 3

Several colonial laws on taxation were made by the _____________________________________________________ for the Spanish monarch.

Answer 3

Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias (Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies)

Question 4

the compilation of legislations related to the New World
It was a four-volume collection of laws relating to the Indies, which was published in Madrid in 1861.

Answer 4

Recopilación de leyes de los reynos de las Indias.

Question 5

Taxes during the Spanish period in the Philippines were the

Answer 5

tribute, sanctorum, donativo, caja de communidad, and servicio personal

Question 6

a general tax paid by the Filipinos to Spain which amounted to eight Reales.

Answer 6

Tributo

Question 7

Those who were required to pay the tributowere the

Answer 7

(a) 18 to 50 years old males,
(2) the carpenters, bricklayers, blacksmiths, tailors, and shoemakers, and (3) town workers such as those in road construction, and those whose is public in nature.

Question 8

a tax in the amount of 3 Reales. These were required for the cost of Christianization, including the construction of churches and the purchase of materials for religious celebrations.

Answer 8

Sanctorum

Question 9

a tax in the amount of half Real for the military campaign of the government against the Muslims.

Answer 9

DONATIVO

Question 10

In later years, however, the amount collected from donativo was almost exclusively used for the

Answer 10

Spanish fort in Zamboanga.

Question 11

a tax collected in the amount of 1 Real for the incurred expenses of the town in the construction of roads, repair of bridges, or the improvement of public buildings.

Answer 11

Caja de comunidad

Question 12

also called polo y servicios was a form of forced labor during the Spanish period in the Philippines.

Answer 12

Servicio personal

Question 13

They were called polista

Answer 13

All able-bodied males, 16 to 60 years old were required to work in the construction of bridges, churches, and galleon ships.

Question 14

Earlier, the polistas were required to work for 40 days; however, the number of days was lowered to 15 days in 1884 as a result of the tax reform issued through a

Answer 14

Royal Decree

Question 15

Some of the polistas were brought to fight against the ________ and others were brought in the Spanish expeditions.

Answer 15

Muslims

Question 16

The only way that a polista can be freed from forced labor was when he paid a

Answer 16

falla, or fine

Question 17

were exempt from forced labor and falla.

Answer 17

The gobernadorcillo, cabeza de barangay, and other members of the principalia

Question 18

Cagayan and Dingras Revolts

Answer 18

(1589)

Question 19

In 1589, the Cagayan and Dingras Revolts against the tribute occurred on Luzon in the present-day provinces of

Answer 19

Cagayan and Ilocos Norte.

Question 20

The revolt of the llocanos, Ibanags and other Filipinos was triggered by the alleged abuses of the tax collectors, including the collection of

Answer 20

high taxes.

Question 21

who had arrived from Vigan were killed by the natives

Answer 21

Six tax collectors

Question 22

who sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to pacify the rebels?

Answer 22

Governor-General Santiago de Vera

Question 23

The rebels were pardoned in the end. The Philippine tax system was also reformed because of the

Answer 23

revolt

Question 24

These were the first native revolts against the hated tribute and the corrupt tribute collectors. Although they were easily suppressed by government troops, more revolts of a similar nature were to come one after another in subsequent years.

Answer 24

Cagayan and Dingras Revolt

Question 25

Agustin Sumuroy’s Revolt

Answer 25

(1649-1650)

Question 26

a Waray from Palapag in today’s Northern Samar

Answer 26

Agustin Sumuroy

Question 27

On June 1, 1649, Agustin Sumuroy, who was a Waray from Palapag in today’s Northern Samar, together with his followers rose in arms against the Spaniards over the

Answer 27

polo y servicio or forced labor system being started in Samar.

Question 28

what triggered the agustin samuroy’s revolt?

Answer 28

The revolt was triggered when the town mayors sent the Warays to the shipyards in Cavite for forced labor, contrary to the directive of the government of Manila that all natives subject to the polo would not be sent to distant places from their hometowns to do forced labor.

Question 29

The rebels were responsible for the death murder of the

Answer 29

parish priest of Palapag.

Question 30

Agustin Sumuroy’s Revolt

The revolt spread to

Answer 30

Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Bicol, Camarines, Albay, Zamboanga in Mindanao, and Surigao

Question 31

The rebels succeeded in establishing a rebel government in the

Answer 31

mountains of Samar.

Question 32

the date of capture and execution of Agustin Sumuroy that led to the eventual defeat of the rebels

Answer 32

June 1650

Question 33

Sumuroy’s co-conspirator

Answer 33

David Dula

Question 34

David Dula, Sumuroy’s co-conspirator, continued the quest, but was wounded in one of the fierce battles he fought with the Spaniards years later. He was captured and later executed in _______________

His men, the ______________________, were also executed.

Answer 34

• Palapag, Northern Samar.
• seven key lieutenants

Question 35

Francisco Maniago’s Revolt (1660-1661).

Answer 35

(1660-1661)

Question 36

a Kapampangan, that led an uprising in Pampanga in 1660

Answer 36

Francisco Maniago

Question 37

The Kapampangans were against the tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation. For _____ months, they were made to work under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Because of this, they set their campsite on fire and the fight ensued. This was the start of a bloodier revolt in Pangasinan.

Answer 37

eight (8) months

Question 38

Andres Malong Revolt

Answer 38

(1660-1661)

Question 39

who was the Maestro de Campo of Binalatongan, now San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Answer 39

Malong

Question 40

in the 1660s, who coaxed by Malong to revolt against the abuses of the Spaniards because they were experiencing the same abuses?

Answer 40

Maniago

Question 41

who hoped to be king of Pangasinan as he assisted many Spaniards in governing different towns in the said province, but abandoned it when the war broke out in Pampanga?

Answer 41

Malong

Question 42

He heeded the call of Maniago and led the people of Pangasinan to take up arms against the Spaniards. When he succeeded, he proclaimed himself King of Pangasinan.

Answer 42

Malong

Question 43

One of the good reforms which Spain introduced in the 19th century was the

Answer 43

Tax Reform of 1884

Question 44

as provided by the Royal Decree of March 6, 1884, this tax reform contained two important provisions:

Answer 44

(1) abolition of the hated tribute and its replacement of cedula tax, and (2) reduction of the 40-day annual forced labor (polo) to 15 days.

Question 45

were first issued based on the Royal Decree on March 6, 1884.

Answer 45

Cedulas

Question 46

The Cedulas Personales

who were required to obtain a cedula?

Answer 46

All men and women residents of the islands - Spaniards, foreigners, and natives - who were over 18 years old

Question 47

the cedulas personales

The only exceptions were the ________, who paid another poll tax, the ___________________, that were not subject to the local administration, and the natives and colonists of the archipelago of Jolo and of the islands of Balabac and Palawan.

Answer 47

• Chinese
• remontados d infieles

Question 48

All in all, there were ___ different classes of cedulas

Answer 48

sixteen (16)

Question 49

Originally, there were nine classes taxed, the rates of taxes ranged from ___________________, and a tenth, gratis, for priests, soldiers and privileged classes.

Answer 49

1.50 pesos to 25 pesos