Taxation Flashcards
“Death, taxes and childbirth! There’s never any convenient time for any of them.”
Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind
(1)___ ___ came with our colonial experience and the subsequent formation of the nation-state. When the archipelago was divided into political units, the people paid tributes to the (2)___ ___ or, in the case of Mindanao, the (3)___.
- Modern taxation
- local datu
- sultan
Nowadays, (1)___ is the government’s mechanism to raise funds and improve the citizen’s lives. The (2)___ are needed for the government to carry out its mission to protect its people.
- taxation
- revenues
Periodization: Pre-colonial Philippines
(Before 1521)
Periodization: Spanish Colonization
(1521-1898)
Periodization: American Period
(1898-1942)
Periodization: Japanese Occupation
(1942-1945)
Periodization: Post-War Philippines
(1946-present)
Pre-Colonial Philippines
“Before (1)___ we could have been anything and everything not Filipino; after (2)___ we can be nothing but Filipino.”
- 1521
- 1565
There was no national government. The smallest political unit was called (1)___ (first documented by (2)___ ___ as (3)___ and ___).
- barangay
- Antonio Pigafetta
- balangai and balanghai
A ___ or ___ is also a term for a large boat that would fit the pre-colonial society.
balangay or barangay
No (1)___ unified the archipelago as one territory, although a leader, called a (2)___ or a (3)___, consolidated the small political units into a larger one.
- datu
- rajah
- sultan
Pre-colonial Filipinos paid their taxes to be protected by their datu. This was called (1)___ or ___.
- buwis or handug
Three classes in pre-colonial Visayan social structure.
- Tumao
- Timawa
- Oripun
Noble rank, including the datu
Tumao
The “free men”, the warrior class, and the third rank of nobility. The class that paid taxes and could also acquire property including slaves.
Timawa
Commoners and slaves. They did not pay taxes and rendered instead their services for debts or favors.
Oripun
Spanish Colonization
A ship that annually plied the Pacific from Manila to Acapulco, and back again. (plus year)
Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565-1815)
(1)___ ___ ___
Men within the age of (2)___-___ years were required to render labor in the community for (3)___ ___. Paying a (4)___ (one and a half rea) could exempt the colonial subject from the forced labor.
- Polo y Servicio
- 16-60
- 40 days
- falla
The (1)___
A system requiring the Filipino farmers to sell their goods to the government. Imposed by (2)___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in the (3)___ ___, the (4)___ allowed for abuse as the colonial government could set the mandatory purchase of the goods at a lower price.
- Bandala
- Governor Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera
- 17th century
- bandala
(1)___ ___
(2)___ ___ ___ issued a decree in (3)___ to distribute the lands in (4)___ to loyal Spanish subjects. (5)___ were given the right to collect taxes in their assigned areas.
- Encomienda System
- King Philip II
- 1558
- Cebu
- Encomenderos
___ were required by law to protect the natives, help the missionaries in converting natives to Christianity, and promote education.
Encomenderos
___ or ___ could be paid in cash or kind. Aside from that, custom duties and income tax were also collected.
Tribute or “buwis”
By (1)___, the (2)___ replaced the tribute. Everyone at the age of (3)___ ___ ___ were required to pay.
- 1884
- cedula
- 18 and above